Android - 活动构造函数

【问题标题】：Android - Activity constructorAndroid - 活动构造函数
【发布时间】：2015-02-20 19:19:14
【问题描述】：

我注意到使用快捷方式Alt + Insert 并选择构建器，它会尝试为每个私有属性（例如cManager 和mTextView）创建一个构造器。我记得我已经在没有它的情况下创建了项目并且工作正常。

当我按照完整的 logcat 和 Activity 构造函数运行应用程序时发生错误：

具有私有属性的构造函数：

private ConnectivityManager cManager;
private TextView mTextView;

public SplashScreenActivity() {
    this.cManager = (ConnectivityManager) this.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
    this.mTextView = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.mProgressText);
}

Logcat：

02-20 18:20:56.155    1591-1591/com.universo91.towersrock I/art﹕ Not late-enabling -Xcheck:jni (already on)
02-20 18:20:58.355    1591-1591/com.universo91.towersrock D/AndroidRuntime﹕ Shutting down VM
    --------- beginning of crash
02-20 18:20:58.361    1591-1591/com.universo91.towersrock E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.universo91.towersrock, PID: 1591
    java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate activity ComponentInfo{com.universo91.towersrock/com.universo91.towersrock.Pages.SplashScreenActivity}: java.lang.InstantiationException: class com.universo91.towersrock.Pages.SplashScreenActivity has no zero argument constructor
            at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2209)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2360)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:144)
            at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1278)
            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5221)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:899)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)
     Caused by: java.lang.InstantiationException: class com.universo91.towersrock.Pages.SplashScreenActivity has no zero argument constructor
            at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:1563)
            at android.app.Instrumentation.newActivity(Instrumentation.java:1065)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2199)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2360)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:144)
            at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1278)
            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5221)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:899)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)
     Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: <init> []
            at java.lang.Class.getConstructor(Class.java:531)
            at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.java:510)
            at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:1561)
            at android.app.Instrumentation.newActivity(Instrumentation.java:1065)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2199)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2360)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:144)
            at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1278)
            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5221)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:899)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)
02-20 18:20:58.772    1591-1603/com.universo91.towersrock I/art﹕ Background sticky concurrent mark sweep GC freed 1747(114KB) AllocSpace objects, 0(0B) LOS objects, 37% free, 391KB/623KB, paused 825us total 382.655ms
02-20 18:21:29.824    1690-1690/com.universo91.towersrock D/AndroidRuntime﹕ Shutting down VM
02-20 18:21:29.829    1690-1690/com.universo91.towersrock E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.universo91.towersrock, PID: 1690
    java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate activity ComponentInfo{com.universo91.towersrock/com.universo91.towersrock.Pages.SplashScreenActivity}: java.lang.InstantiationException: class com.universo91.towersrock.Pages.SplashScreenActivity has no zero argument constructor
            at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2209)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2360)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:144)
            at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1278)
            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5221)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:899)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)
     Caused by: java.lang.InstantiationException: class com.universo91.towersrock.Pages.SplashScreenActivity has no zero argument constructor
            at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:1563)
            at android.app.Instrumentation.newActivity(Instrumentation.java:1065)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2199)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2360)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:144)
            at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1278)
            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5221)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:899)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)
     Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: <init> []
            at java.lang.Class.getConstructor(Class.java:531)
            at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.java:510)
            at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:1561)
            at android.app.Instrumentation.newActivity(Instrumentation.java:1065)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2199)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2360)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:144)
            at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1278)
            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5221)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:899)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)
02-20 18:21:30.168    1690-1702/com.universo91.towersrock I/art﹕ Background sticky concurrent mark sweep GC freed 1749(114KB) AllocSpace objects, 0(0B) LOS objects, 37% free, 391KB/623KB, paused 856us total 166.355ms
02-20 18:21:53.341    1690-1690/com.universo91.towersrock I/Process﹕ Sending signal. PID: 1690 SIG: 9
02-20 18:26:00.878    1754-1754/com.universo91.towersrock D/AndroidRuntime﹕ Shutting down VM
02-20 18:26:00.903    1754-1754/com.universo91.towersrock E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.universo91.towersrock, PID: 1754
    java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate activity ComponentInfo{com.universo91.towersrock/com.universo91.towersrock.Pages.SplashScreenActivity}: java.lang.IllegalStateException: System services not available to Activities before onCreate()
            at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2209)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2360)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:144)
            at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1278)
            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5221)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:899)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)
     Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: System services not available to Activities before onCreate()
            at android.app.Activity.getSystemService(Activity.java:4989)
            at com.universo91.towersrock.Pages.SplashScreenActivity.<init>(SplashScreenActivity.java:24)
            at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Native Method)
            at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:1572)
            at android.app.Instrumentation.newActivity(Instrumentation.java:1065)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2199)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2360)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:144)
            at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1278)
            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5221)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:899)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)
02-20 18:26:01.144    1754-1766/com.universo91.towersrock I/art﹕ Background sticky concurrent mark sweep GC freed 1745(118KB) AllocSpace objects, 0(0B) LOS objects, 38% free, 382KB/623KB, paused 950us total 131.218ms
02-20 18:26:04.429    1754-1754/com.universo91.towersrock I/Process﹕ Sending signal. PID: 1754 SIG: 9

【问题讨论】：

  • 您不需要定义构造函数来进行这些初始化。

标签： java android android-activity constructor android-lifecycle


【解决方案1】：

您的所有初始化都应在您的Activity 的onCreate() 方法中执行：

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    this.cManager = (ConnectivityManager) this.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
    this.mTextView = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.mProgressText);
}

重写Activity 的构造函数涉及相当多的繁重工作，而且真的不是在公园里散步。尽管您可以 [当然] 为Activity 提供一个空的构造函数，但在 Android 框架的上下文中它确实是多余的。

相关答案：

1. Why I cannot pass parameters to Android Activity Constructor.

2. Start an Activity with a parameter.

【讨论】：

    【解决方案2】：

    只要参数为零，Android 活动就可以有构造函数。而事实上，只要你在声明的时候初始化任何一个字段，就会有这样一个构造函数。

    但是正如你的日志所说，System services not available to Activities before onCreate()，所以你不能从构造函数调用getSystemService。

    所以https://stackoverflow.com/a/28636652/53974中的代码是正确的，但原因不正确。

    【讨论】：

    • Activity 的空构造函数完全没有意义。是否添加它并不重要，并且没有可以以有用的方式使用它的上下文。
    • 我说的是“没有参数”，而不是“空的”——它只是不能使用一些 Android API。
    【解决方案3】：

    你的代码应该在 onCreate()

    不要打扰活动的构造函数。

    【讨论】：

      【解决方案4】：

      Android 活动只允许类默认构造函数。即零参数的构造函数。在默认构造函数中，您可以对那些最终变量进行初始化，除了链接系统服务仅在生命周期 onCreate 方法之后可用。

      【讨论】：

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