Android 为不同的屏幕尺寸调整所有元素的大小

Question

我正在尝试设计我的应用程序，使其在所有大小设备上看起来都一样，这可能吗？

这是我正在尝试的示例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button1"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.517" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Group1"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/top_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.03" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button1"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="1.0"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.517" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Group1"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.034" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView4"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Group2"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.292" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button2"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView5"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/textView5"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="1.0"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView5"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.551" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView5"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Group2"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView4"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.051" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button4"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button2"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView5"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/textView5"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView5"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.551" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/top_guideline"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.0" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/bottom_guideline"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="1.0" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/left_guideline"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.0" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/right_guideline"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="1.0" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView6"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="group3"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.507"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.538" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView7"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="group3"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.507"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView6"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.074" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button5"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button3"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView7"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/textView7"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="1.0"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView7"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.482" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button6"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button3"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView7"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/textView7"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView7"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.482" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button7"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button4"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.954" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView8"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Group4"
        android:textSize="36sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.849" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

我想我已经接近了，但是我希望 textview 的文本和按钮在更大的屏幕上变得更大，在更小的屏幕上变得更小，但无法弄清楚。

基本上我希望应用可以缩放到在任何设备上看起来都一样（就像它是一张图片，我只是改变了比例），这可能吗？

谢谢

Answer 1

您可以使用这些属性：

app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.x"
app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.y"

根据屏幕大小调整布局（我为此使用了一个带有支持库的项目，但它也适用于 android）：

<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout 
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
  android:orientation="vertical"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent"
  tools:context=".MainActivity">


<Button
    android:id="@+id/button2"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.2"
    android:text="Button1"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView3"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/textView3"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView3"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.517" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textView2"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.15"
    android:text="Group1"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/top_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.03" />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/button"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.2"
    android:text="Button1"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView3"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/textView3"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="1.0"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView3"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.517" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textView3"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.15"
    android:text="Group1"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView2"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.034" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textView4"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.15"
    android:text="Group2"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.292" />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/button3"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.2"
    android:text="Button2"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView5"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/textView5"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="1.0"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView5"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.551" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textView5"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.15"
    android:text="Group2"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView4"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.051" />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/button4"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.2"
    android:text="Button2"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView5"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/textView5"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView5"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.551" />

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
    android:id="@+id/top_guideline"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.0" />

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
    android:id="@+id/bottom_guideline"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="1.0" />

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
    android:id="@+id/left_guideline"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    app:layout_constraintGuide_begin="0dp" />

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
    android:id="@+id/right_guideline"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="1.0" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textView6"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.15"
    android:text="group3"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.507"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.538" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textView7"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.15"
    android:text="group3"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.507"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView6"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.074" />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/button5"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.2"
    android:text="Button3"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView7"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/textView7"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="1.0"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView7"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.482" />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/button6"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.2"
    android:text="Button3"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/textView7"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/textView7"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/textView7"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.482" />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/button7"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.2"
    android:text="Button4"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.954" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textView8"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.1"
    app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.4"
    android:text="Group4"
    android:textSize="36sp"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/bottom_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/left_guideline"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.849" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

它在你所有的屏幕尺寸上都是这样的：