如何在 Python 中获取目录中的更改

Question

我正在尝试获取目录中的最后一次更改，而不仅仅是最后修改的文件。

到目前为止我有这个代码：

import pathlib
import logging

# Set logging level
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

# Define some paths
source_path = pathlib.Path("U:")

logging.info(f"Source directory is {source_path}")

# Latest path
latest_path = max(source_path.glob('*'),
                  key=lambda path: path.stat().st_ctime)
last_path = None

while True:
    try:
        # Latest path
        latest_path = max(source_path.glob('*'),
                          key=lambda path: path.stat().st_ctime)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass
    if not latest_path == last_path:
        logging.info(f"Last changed path is {latest_path}")
        last_path = latest_path

它的作用是打印目录中的最新更改（当前为U:）

这是一些示例输出：

INFO:root:Source directory is U:
INFO:root:Last changed path is U:Website Downloader
INFO:root:Last changed path is U:New Text Document.txt <-- Created it
INFO:root:Last changed path is U:hi.txt <-- Renamed it
INFO:root:Last changed path is U:Website Downloader <-- Deleted hi.txt
INFO:root:Last changed path is U:New folder <-- Created it
INFO:root:Last changed path is U:hi <-- Renamed it
INFO:root:Last changed path is U:Website Downloader <-- Deleted hi (directory)

它遗漏了一些内容，例如保存基目录 (U:) 中文件的更改、目录中的新文件、修改文件和删除文件。

我想让它说，比如：

INFO:root:Source directory is U:
INFO:root:File created: U:New Text Document.txt 
INFO:root:File modified: U:New Text Document.txt
INFO:root:File deleted: U:New Text Document.txt
INFO:root:Directory created: U:New Folder
INFO:root:File created: U:New Folder\New Text Document.txt 
INFO:root:File modified: U:New Folder\New Text Document.txt 
INFO:root:File deleted: U:New Folder\New Text Document.txt 
INFO:root:Directory created: U:New Folder\New Folder
INFO:root:Directory created: U:New Folder\New Folder\New Folder
INFO:root:Directory deleted: U:New Folder\New Folder\New Folder
INFO:root:Directory deleted: U:New Folder

这在 Python 中是否可行？

提前致谢

Answer 1

对于它的价值，如果您需要使用轮询扫描器，这里有一个实现。受限于关于性能的明显警告，并且它不会注意到在轮询间隔之间再次出现和消失的文件。

import time
import pathlib
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)


def get_paths(path):
    answer = {}
    for x in pathlib.Path(path).rglob("*"):
        try:
            answer[str(x)] = (x.stat().st_ctime, x.is_dir())
        except FileNotFoundError:
            pass
    return answer


def log(name, is_dir, action):
    descrip = "Directory" if is_dir else "File"
    logging.info("{} {}: {}".format(descrip, action, name))
    

def scan(top_dir, sleep_time):

    old_paths = get_paths(top_dir)
    s_old_paths = set(old_paths)

    while True:
        time.sleep(sleep_time)
        new_paths = get_paths(top_dir)
        s_new_paths = set(new_paths)
        cre_names = s_new_paths - s_old_paths
        del_names = s_old_paths - s_new_paths

        for name in cre_names:
            _, is_dir = new_paths[name]
            log(name, is_dir, "created")

        for name in del_names:
            _, is_dir = old_paths[name]
            log(name, is_dir, "deleted")

        for name in s_old_paths & s_new_paths:
            new_time, is_dir = new_paths[name]
            old_time, _ = old_paths[name]
            if new_time != old_time:
                log(name, is_dir, "modified")

        old_paths = new_paths
        s_old_paths = s_new_paths
    

top_dir = "U:"
sleep_time = 10
scan(top_dir, sleep_time)

Answer 2

您需要的是一个事件驱动的文件夹观察程序库。例如https://pypi.org/project/watchdog/

更多，谷歌出python文件夹观察者

它可能取决于操作系统。

Answer 3

这绝对是可能的，我的意思是，一切皆有可能！不过它可能有点复杂，所以我建议你使用像 watchdog 这样的库，它可以连接到操作系统的文件系统事件监控 thingamabob。