安全研究人员 Jean-Baptiste Bédrune 和 Jean Sigwald presented how
to do thisHack-in-the-box Amsterdam 2011。
从那时起，Apple 发布了iOS Security Whitepaper
有关密钥和算法的更多详细信息，以及 Charlie Miller 等人。有
发布了iOS Hacker’s Handbook，其中涵盖了一些相同的
以操作方法为基础。 iOS 10 首次发布时发生了变化
到苹果一开始并没有公开的备份格式，但各种
人reverse-engineered the format changes。
加密备份很棒
加密 iPhone 备份的好处在于它们包含的东西
例如不在常规未加密备份中的 WiFi 密码。作为
在iOS Security Whitepaper 中讨论过，加密备份
被认为更“安全”，因此 Apple 认为可以包含更多
敏感信息。
一个重要的警告：很明显，解密你的 iOS 设备的备份
删除其加密。为了保护您的隐私和安全，您应该
仅在具有全盘加密的机器上运行这些脚本。 虽然它
安全专家可以编写保护密钥的软件
内存，例如通过使用 VirtualLock() 和
SecureZeroMemory() 除其他外，这些
Python 脚本会将您的加密密钥和密码以字符串形式存储到
由 Python 进行垃圾收集。这意味着您的密钥和密码
将在 RAM 中存在一段时间，然后它们将从那里泄漏到您的交换中
文件并保存到您的磁盘上，攻击者可以在其中恢复它们。这
完全没有加密备份的意义。
如何解密备份：理论上
iOS Security Whitepaper 解释了基本概念
每个文件的密钥、保护等级、保护等级密钥和密钥包
比我能做的更好。如果您还不熟悉这些，请采取一些
分钟阅读相关部分。
现在您知道 iOS 中的每个文件都使用自己的随机加密
每个文件的加密密钥，属于一个保护类，并且每个文件
加密密钥存储在文件系统元数据中，包装在
保护类密钥。
解密：
-
解码存储在BackupKeyBag条目中的keybag
Manifest.plist。此结构的高级概述在
whitepaper。 iPhone Wiki
描述二进制格式：一个 4 字节的字符串类型字段，一个 4 字节的
big-endian 长度字段，然后是值本身。
重要的值是 PBKDF2 ITERations 和 SALT，双
保护盐DPSL 和迭代计数DPIC，然后对每个
保护CLS，WPKY 封装的密钥。
-
使用备份密码，使用正确的 PBKDF2 导出一个 32 字节的密钥
盐和迭代次数。首先使用DPSL 和
DPIC，然后是 ITER 和 SALT 的 SHA1 轮次。
根据
RFC 3394.
-
通过从Manifest.plist 中的ManifestKey 中提取 4 字节保护等级和更长的密钥并解包来解密清单数据库。你现在有一个
包含所有文件元数据的 SQLite 数据库。
-
对于每个感兴趣的文件，获取类加密的每个文件加密
在Files.file 数据库中查找密钥和保护类代码
包含 EncryptionKey 和的二进制 plist 的列
ProtectionClass 条目。剥离最初的四字节长度标签
使用前EncryptionKey。
然后，通过使用类解包来导出最终的解密密钥
使用备份密码解包的密钥。然后解密文件
在 CBC 模式下使用 AES，IV 为零。
如何解密备份：实践
首先，您需要一些库依赖项。如果您在 Mac 上使用安装了自制软件的 Python 2.7 或 3.7，则可以使用以下命令安装依赖项：
CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix)/opt/openssl/include" \
LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix)/opt/openssl/lib" \
pip install biplist fastpbkdf2 pycrypto
在可运行的源代码形式中，这里是如何解密单个
来自加密 iPhone 备份的首选项文件：
#!/usr/bin/env python3.7
# coding: UTF-8
from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import division
import argparse
import getpass
import os.path
import pprint
import random
import shutil
import sqlite3
import string
import struct
import tempfile
from binascii import hexlify
import Crypto.Cipher.AES # https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/
import biplist
import fastpbkdf2
from biplist import InvalidPlistException
def main():
## Parse options
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--backup-directory', dest='backup_directory',
default='testdata/encrypted')
parser.add_argument('--password-pipe', dest='password_pipe',
help="""\
Keeps password from being visible in system process list.
Typical use: --password-pipe=<(echo -n foo)
""")
parser.add_argument('--no-anonymize-output', dest='anonymize',
action='store_false')
args = parser.parse_args()
global ANONYMIZE_OUTPUT
ANONYMIZE_OUTPUT = args.anonymize
if ANONYMIZE_OUTPUT:
print('Warning: All output keys are FAKE to protect your privacy')
manifest_file = os.path.join(args.backup_directory, 'Manifest.plist')
with open(manifest_file, 'rb') as infile:
manifest_plist = biplist.readPlist(infile)
keybag = Keybag(manifest_plist['BackupKeyBag'])
# the actual keys are unknown, but the wrapped keys are known
keybag.printClassKeys()
if args.password_pipe:
password = readpipe(args.password_pipe)
if password.endswith(b'\n'):
password = password[:-1]
else:
password = getpass.getpass('Backup password: ').encode('utf-8')
## Unlock keybag with password
if not keybag.unlockWithPasscode(password):
raise Exception('Could not unlock keybag; bad password?')
# now the keys are known too
keybag.printClassKeys()
## Decrypt metadata DB
manifest_key = manifest_plist['ManifestKey'][4:]
with open(os.path.join(args.backup_directory, 'Manifest.db'), 'rb') as db:
encrypted_db = db.read()
manifest_class = struct.unpack('<l', manifest_plist['ManifestKey'][:4])[0]
key = keybag.unwrapKeyForClass(manifest_class, manifest_key)
decrypted_data = AESdecryptCBC(encrypted_db, key)
temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
try:
# Does anyone know how to get Python’s SQLite module to open some
# bytes in memory as a database?
db_filename = os.path.join(temp_dir, 'db.sqlite3')
with open(db_filename, 'wb') as db_file:
db_file.write(decrypted_data)
conn = sqlite3.connect(db_filename)
conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
c = conn.cursor()
# c.execute("select * from Files limit 1");
# r = c.fetchone()
c.execute("""
SELECT fileID, domain, relativePath, file
FROM Files
WHERE relativePath LIKE 'Media/PhotoData/MISC/DCIM_APPLE.plist'
ORDER BY domain, relativePath""")
results = c.fetchall()
finally:
shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
for item in results:
fileID, domain, relativePath, file_bplist = item
plist = biplist.readPlistFromString(file_bplist)
file_data = plist['$objects'][plist['$top']['root'].integer]
size = file_data['Size']
protection_class = file_data['ProtectionClass']
encryption_key = plist['$objects'][
file_data['EncryptionKey'].integer]['NS.data'][4:]
backup_filename = os.path.join(args.backup_directory,
fileID[:2], fileID)
with open(backup_filename, 'rb') as infile:
data = infile.read()
key = keybag.unwrapKeyForClass(protection_class, encryption_key)
# truncate to actual length, as encryption may introduce padding
decrypted_data = AESdecryptCBC(data, key)[:size]
print('== decrypted data:')
print(wrap(decrypted_data))
print()
print('== pretty-printed plist')
pprint.pprint(biplist.readPlistFromString(decrypted_data))
##
# this section is mostly copied from parts of iphone-dataprotection
# http://code.google.com/p/iphone-dataprotection/
CLASSKEY_TAGS = [b"CLAS",b"WRAP",b"WPKY", b"KTYP", b"PBKY"] #UUID
KEYBAG_TYPES = ["System", "Backup", "Escrow", "OTA (icloud)"]
KEY_TYPES = ["AES", "Curve25519"]
PROTECTION_CLASSES={
1:"NSFileProtectionComplete",
2:"NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen",
3:"NSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication",
4:"NSFileProtectionNone",
5:"NSFileProtectionRecovery?",
6: "kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked",
7: "kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock",
8: "kSecAttrAccessibleAlways",
9: "kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly",
10: "kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly",
11: "kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly"
}
WRAP_DEVICE = 1
WRAP_PASSCODE = 2
class Keybag(object):
def __init__(self, data):
self.type = None
self.uuid = None
self.wrap = None
self.deviceKey = None
self.attrs = {}
self.classKeys = {}
self.KeyBagKeys = None #DATASIGN blob
self.parseBinaryBlob(data)
def parseBinaryBlob(self, data):
currentClassKey = None
for tag, data in loopTLVBlocks(data):
if len(data) == 4:
data = struct.unpack(">L", data)[0]
if tag == b"TYPE":
self.type = data
if self.type > 3:
print("FAIL: keybag type > 3 : %d" % self.type)
elif tag == b"UUID" and self.uuid is None:
self.uuid = data
elif tag == b"WRAP" and self.wrap is None:
self.wrap = data
elif tag == b"UUID":
if currentClassKey:
self.classKeys[currentClassKey[b"CLAS"]] = currentClassKey
currentClassKey = {b"UUID": data}
elif tag in CLASSKEY_TAGS:
currentClassKey[tag] = data
else:
self.attrs[tag] = data
if currentClassKey:
self.classKeys[currentClassKey[b"CLAS"]] = currentClassKey
def unlockWithPasscode(self, passcode):
passcode1 = fastpbkdf2.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', passcode,
self.attrs[b"DPSL"],
self.attrs[b"DPIC"], 32)
passcode_key = fastpbkdf2.pbkdf2_hmac('sha1', passcode1,
self.attrs[b"SALT"],
self.attrs[b"ITER"], 32)
print('== Passcode key')
print(anonymize(hexlify(passcode_key)))
for classkey in self.classKeys.values():
if b"WPKY" not in classkey:
continue
k = classkey[b"WPKY"]
if classkey[b"WRAP"] & WRAP_PASSCODE:
k = AESUnwrap(passcode_key, classkey[b"WPKY"])
if not k:
return False
classkey[b"KEY"] = k
return True
def unwrapKeyForClass(self, protection_class, persistent_key):
ck = self.classKeys[protection_class][b"KEY"]
if len(persistent_key) != 0x28:
raise Exception("Invalid key length")
return AESUnwrap(ck, persistent_key)
def printClassKeys(self):
print("== Keybag")
print("Keybag type: %s keybag (%d)" % (KEYBAG_TYPES[self.type], self.type))
print("Keybag version: %d" % self.attrs[b"VERS"])
print("Keybag UUID: %s" % anonymize(hexlify(self.uuid)))
print("-"*209)
print("".join(["Class".ljust(53),
"WRAP".ljust(5),
"Type".ljust(11),
"Key".ljust(65),
"WPKY".ljust(65),
"Public key"]))
print("-"*208)
for k, ck in self.classKeys.items():
if k == 6:print("")
print("".join(
[PROTECTION_CLASSES.get(k).ljust(53),
str(ck.get(b"WRAP","")).ljust(5),
KEY_TYPES[ck.get(b"KTYP",0)].ljust(11),
anonymize(hexlify(ck.get(b"KEY", b""))).ljust(65),
anonymize(hexlify(ck.get(b"WPKY", b""))).ljust(65),
]))
print()
def loopTLVBlocks(blob):
i = 0
while i + 8 <= len(blob):
tag = blob[i:i+4]
length = struct.unpack(">L",blob[i+4:i+8])[0]
data = blob[i+8:i+8+length]
yield (tag,data)
i += 8 + length
def unpack64bit(s):
return struct.unpack(">Q",s)[0]
def pack64bit(s):
return struct.pack(">Q",s)
def AESUnwrap(kek, wrapped):
C = []
for i in range(len(wrapped)//8):
C.append(unpack64bit(wrapped[i*8:i*8+8]))
n = len(C) - 1
R = [0] * (n+1)
A = C[0]
for i in range(1,n+1):
R[i] = C[i]
for j in reversed(range(0,6)):
for i in reversed(range(1,n+1)):
todec = pack64bit(A ^ (n*j+i))
todec += pack64bit(R[i])
B = Crypto.Cipher.AES.new(kek).decrypt(todec)
A = unpack64bit(B[:8])
R[i] = unpack64bit(B[8:])
if A != 0xa6a6a6a6a6a6a6a6:
return None
res = b"".join(map(pack64bit, R[1:]))
return res
ZEROIV = "\x00"*16
def AESdecryptCBC(data, key, iv=ZEROIV, padding=False):
if len(data) % 16:
print("AESdecryptCBC: data length not /16, truncating")
data = data[0:(len(data)/16) * 16]
data = Crypto.Cipher.AES.new(key, Crypto.Cipher.AES.MODE_CBC, iv).decrypt(data)
if padding:
return removePadding(16, data)
return data
##
# here are some utility functions, one making sure I don’t leak my
# secret keys when posting the output on Stack Exchange
anon_random = random.Random(0)
memo = {}
def anonymize(s):
if type(s) == str:
s = s.encode('utf-8')
global anon_random, memo
if ANONYMIZE_OUTPUT:
if s in memo:
return memo[s]
possible_alphabets = [
string.digits,
string.digits + 'abcdef',
string.ascii_letters,
"".join(chr(x) for x in range(0, 256)),
]
for a in possible_alphabets:
if all((chr(c) if type(c) == int else c) in a for c in s):
alphabet = a
break
ret = "".join([anon_random.choice(alphabet) for i in range(len(s))])
memo[s] = ret
return ret
else:
return s
def wrap(s, width=78):
"Return a width-wrapped repr(s)-like string without breaking on \’s"
s = repr(s)
quote = s[0]
s = s[1:-1]
ret = []
while len(s):
i = s.rfind('\\', 0, width)
if i <= width - 4: # "\x??" is four characters
i = width
ret.append(s[:i])
s = s[i:]
return '\n'.join("%s%s%s" % (quote, line ,quote) for line in ret)
def readpipe(path):
if stat.S_ISFIFO(os.stat(path).st_mode):
with open(path, 'rb') as pipe:
return pipe.read()
else:
raise Exception("Not a pipe: {!r}".format(path))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
然后打印此输出：
Warning: All output keys are FAKE to protect your privacy
== Keybag
Keybag type: Backup keybag (1)
Keybag version: 3
Keybag UUID: dc6486c479e84c94efce4bea7169ef7d
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class WRAP Type Key WPKY Public key
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NSFileProtectionComplete 2 AES 4c80b6da07d35d393fc7158e18b8d8f9979694329a71ceedee86b4cde9f97afec197ad3b13c5d12b
NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen 2 AES 09e8a0a9965f00f213ce06143a52801f35bde2af0ad54972769845d480b5043f545fa9b66a0353a6
NSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication 2 AES e966b6a0742878ce747cec3fa1bf6a53b0d811ad4f1d6147cd28a5d400a8ffe0bbabea5839025cb5
NSFileProtectionNone 2 AES 902f46847302816561e7df57b64beea6fa11b0068779a65f4c651dbe7a1630f323682ff26ae7e577
NSFileProtectionRecovery? 3 AES a3935fed024cd9bc11d0300d522af8e89accfbe389d7c69dca02841df46c0a24d0067dba2f696072
kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked 2 AES 09a1856c7e97a51a9c2ecedac8c3c7c7c10e7efa931decb64169ee61cb07a0efb115050fd1e33af1
kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock 2 AES 0509d215f2f574efa2f192efc53c460201168b26a175f066b5347fc48bc76c637e27a730b904ca82
kSecAttrAccessibleAlways 2 AES b7ac3c4f1e04896144ce90c4583e26489a86a6cc45a2b692a5767b5a04b0907e081daba009fdbb3c
kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly 3 AES 417526e67b82e7c6c633f9063120a299b84e57a8ffee97b34020a2caf6e751ec5750053833ab4d45
kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly 3 AES b0e17b0cf7111c6e716cd0272de5684834798431c1b34bab8d1a1b5aba3d38a3a42c859026f81ccc
kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly 3 AES 9b3bdc59ae1d85703aa7f75d49bdc600bf57ba4a458b20a003a10f6e36525fb6648ba70e6602d8b2
== Passcode key
ee34f5bb635830d698074b1e3e268059c590973b0f1138f1954a2a4e1069e612
== Keybag
Keybag type: Backup keybag (1)
Keybag version: 3
Keybag UUID: dc6486c479e84c94efce4bea7169ef7d
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class WRAP Type Key WPKY Public key
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NSFileProtectionComplete 2 AES 64e8fc94a7b670b0a9c4a385ff395fe9ba5ee5b0d9f5a5c9f0202ef7fdcb386f 4c80b6da07d35d393fc7158e18b8d8f9979694329a71ceedee86b4cde9f97afec197ad3b13c5d12b
NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen 2 AES 22a218c9c446fbf88f3ccdc2ae95f869c308faaa7b3e4fe17b78cbf2eeaf4ec9 09e8a0a9965f00f213ce06143a52801f35bde2af0ad54972769845d480b5043f545fa9b66a0353a6
NSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication 2 AES 1004c6ca6e07d2b507809503180edf5efc4a9640227ac0d08baf5918d34b44ef e966b6a0742878ce747cec3fa1bf6a53b0d811ad4f1d6147cd28a5d400a8ffe0bbabea5839025cb5
NSFileProtectionNone 2 AES 2e809a0cd1a73725a788d5d1657d8fd150b0e360460cb5d105eca9c60c365152 902f46847302816561e7df57b64beea6fa11b0068779a65f4c651dbe7a1630f323682ff26ae7e577
NSFileProtectionRecovery? 3 AES 9a078d710dcd4a1d5f70ea4062822ea3e9f7ea034233e7e290e06cf0d80c19ca a3935fed024cd9bc11d0300d522af8e89accfbe389d7c69dca02841df46c0a24d0067dba2f696072
kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked 2 AES 606e5328816af66736a69dfe5097305cf1e0b06d6eb92569f48e5acac3f294a4 09a1856c7e97a51a9c2ecedac8c3c7c7c10e7efa931decb64169ee61cb07a0efb115050fd1e33af1
kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock 2 AES 6a4b5292661bac882338d5ebb51fd6de585befb4ef5f8ffda209be8ba3af1b96 0509d215f2f574efa2f192efc53c460201168b26a175f066b5347fc48bc76c637e27a730b904ca82
kSecAttrAccessibleAlways 2 AES c0ed717947ce8d1de2dde893b6026e9ee1958771d7a7282dd2116f84312c2dd2 b7ac3c4f1e04896144ce90c4583e26489a86a6cc45a2b692a5767b5a04b0907e081daba009fdbb3c
kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly 3 AES 80d8c7be8d5103d437f8519356c3eb7e562c687a5e656cfd747532f71668ff99 417526e67b82e7c6c633f9063120a299b84e57a8ffee97b34020a2caf6e751ec5750053833ab4d45
kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly 3 AES a875a15e3ff901351c5306019e3b30ed123e6c66c949bdaa91fb4b9a69a3811e b0e17b0cf7111c6e716cd0272de5684834798431c1b34bab8d1a1b5aba3d38a3a42c859026f81ccc
kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly 3 AES 1e7756695d337e0b06c764734a9ef8148af20dcc7a636ccfea8b2eb96a9e9373 9b3bdc59ae1d85703aa7f75d49bdc600bf57ba4a458b20a003a10f6e36525fb6648ba70e6602d8b2
== decrypted data:
'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD '
'PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">\n<plist versi'
'on="1.0">\n<dict>\n\t<key>DCIMLastDirectoryNumber</key>\n\t<integer>100</integ'
'er>\n\t<key>DCIMLastFileNumber</key>\n\t<integer>3</integer>\n</dict>\n</plist'
'>\n'
== pretty-printed plist
{'DCIMLastDirectoryNumber': 100, 'DCIMLastFileNumber': 3}
额外积分
Bédrune 和 Sigwald 发布的 iphone-dataprotection code 可以
从备份中解密 keychain，包括保存的 wifi 等有趣的东西
和网站密码：
$ python iphone-dataprotection/python_scripts/keychain_tool.py ...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Passwords |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Service |Account |Data |Access group |Protection class|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|AirPort |Ed’s Coffee Shop |<3FrenchRoast |apple |AfterFirstUnlock|
...
该代码不再适用于使用最新 iOS 的手机备份，但有一些 golang ports 已保持最新状态
允许访问keychain。