如果我们做一个粗略的 C 和汇编类比:
void Main()
{
// stack memory address of message is 0x8001. memory address of Hello is 0x0001.
string message = "Hello";
// assembly equivalent of: message = "Hello";
// [0x8001] = 0x0001
// message's stack memory address
printf("%d", &message); // 0x8001
printf("%d", message); // memory pointed to of message(0x8001): 0x0001
PassStringByValue(message); // pass the pointer pointed to of message. 0x0001, not 0x8001
printf("%d", message); // memory pointed to of message(0x8001): 0x0001. still the same
// message's stack memory address doesn't change
printf("%d", &message); // 0x8001
}
void PassStringByValue(string foo)
{
printf("%d", &foo); // &foo contains foo's *stack* address (0x4001)
// foo(0x4001) contains the memory pointed to of message, 0x0001
printf("%d", foo); // 0x0001
// World is in memory address 0x0002
foo = "World"; // on foo's memory address (0x4001), change the memory it pointed to, 0x0002
// assembly equivalent of: foo = "World":
// [0x4001] = 0x0002
// print the new memory pointed by foo
printf("%d", foo); // 0x0002
// Conclusion: Not in any way 0x8001 was involved in this function. Hence you cannot change the Main's message value.
// foo = "World" is same as [0x4001] = 0x0002
}
void Main()
{
// stack memory address of message is 0x8001. memory address of Hello is 0x0001.
string message = "Hello";
// assembly equivalent of: message = "Hello";
// [0x8001] = 0x0001
// message's stack memory address
printf("%d", &message); // 0x8001
printf("%d", message); // memory pointed to of message(0x8001): 0x0001
PassStringByRef(ref message); // pass the stack memory address of message. 0x8001, not 0x0001
printf("%d", message); // memory pointed to of message(0x8001): 0x0002. was changed
// message's stack memory address doesn't change
printf("%d", &message); // 0x8001
}
void PassStringByRef(ref string foo)
{
printf("%d", &foo); // &foo contains foo's *stack* address (0x4001)
// foo(0x4001) contains the address of message(0x8001)
printf("%d", foo); // 0x8001
// World is in memory address 0x0002
foo = "World"; // on message's memory address (0x8001), change the memory it pointed to, 0x0002
// assembly equivalent of: foo = "World":
// [0x8001] = 0x0002;
// print the new memory pointed to of message
printf("%d", foo); // 0x0002
// Conclusion: 0x8001 was involved in this function. Hence you can change the Main's message value.
// foo = "World" is same as [0x8001] = 0x0002
}
Java 中一切都通过值传递的一个可能原因是,它的语言设计人员希望简化语言并以 OOP 方式完成所有事情。
他们宁愿让你设计一个使用对象的整数交换器,也不愿他们为按引用传递提供一流的支持,委托也是如此(Gosling 对指向函数的指针感到恶心,他宁愿将这个功能塞进对象)和枚举。
他们过度简化(一切都是对象)语言,从而损害了对大多数语言结构没有一流的支持,例如想到通过引用、委托、枚举、属性传递。