使用 PowerShell 设置私钥权限

Question

我有一个将 pfx 证书安装到 LocalMachine 证书存储区的 PowerShell 脚本。函数如下所示：

function Add-Certificate {
param
(
    [Parameter(Position=1, Mandatory=$true)]
    [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
    [string]$pfxPath,

    [Parameter(Position=2, Mandatory=$true)]
    [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
    [string]$pfxPassword
)

    Write-Host "Installing certificate" -ForegroundColor Yellow

    try 
    {
        $pfxcert = new-object system.security.cryptography.x509certificates.x509certificate2
        $pfxcert.Import($pfxPath, $pfxPassword, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]"PersistKeySet")

        $store = new-object system.security.cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store -argumentlist "MY", LocalMachine
        $store.Open([System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.OpenFlags]"ReadWrite");
        $store.Add($pfxcert);
        $store.Close();

        return $pfxcert
    }
    catch 
    {
        throw
    }
}

当我打开证书管理器以验证安装时，我可以看到它已正确安装。

我的流程的下一步是将证书的权限分配给服务帐户。

function Set-CertificatePermission
{
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Position=1, Mandatory=$true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$pfxThumbPrint,

        [Parameter(Position=2, Mandatory=$true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$serviceAccount
    )

    $cert = Get-ChildItem -Path cert:\LocalMachine\My | Where-Object -FilterScript { $PSItem.ThumbPrint -eq $pfxThumbPrint; };

    # Specify the user, the permissions and the permission type
    $permission = "$($serviceAccount)","Read,FullControl","Allow"
    $accessRule = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule -ArgumentList $permission;

    # Location of the machine related keys
    $keyPath = $env:ProgramData + "\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys\";
    $keyName = $cert.PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.UniqueKeyContainerName;
    $keyFullPath = $keyPath + $keyName;

    try
    {
        # Get the current acl of the private key
        # This is the line that fails!
        $acl = Get-Acl -Path $keyFullPath;

        # Add the new ace to the acl of the private key
        $acl.AddAccessRule($accessRule);

        # Write back the new acl
        Set-Acl -Path $keyFullPath -AclObject $acl;
    }
    catch
    {
        throw $_;
    }
}

此功能失败。具体来说，此函数在尝试评估 Get-Acl 命令时失败，并出现以下错误：Get-Acl : Cannot find path 'C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys\59f1e969a4f7e5de90224f68bc9be536_1d508f5e-0cbc-4eca- a402-3e55947faa3b'

事实证明，密钥文件已安装到我的漫游配置文件中C:\Users\MyUserName\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\S-1-5-21-1259098847-1967870486-1845911597 -155499

我确定 Add-Certificate 功能有问题，但我无法弄清楚它是什么。如何强制它在 C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys 目录下安装密钥文件？

Answer 1

问题是当X509Certificate2 通过Import() 方法导入时，X509KeyStorageFlags 未配置为将私钥写入计算机的私钥存储。我已经更新了函数以包含适当的X509KeyStorageFlags。

function Add-Certificate {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Position=1, Mandatory=$true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$Path,

        [Parameter(Position=2, Mandatory=$true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$Password
    )

    Write-Verbose -Message ('Installing certificate from path: {0}' -f $Path);

    try 
    {
        # Create the certificate
        $pfxcert = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2 -ErrorAction Stop;
        $KeyStorageFlags = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::Exportable -bxor [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::MachineKeySet -bxor [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::PersistKeySet;
        Write-Verbose ('Key storage flags is: {0}' -f $KeyStorageFlags);
        $pfxcert.Import($Path, $Password, $KeyStorageFlags);

        # Create the X509 store and import the certificate
        $store = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store -ArgumentList My, LocalMachine -ErrorAction Stop;
        $store.Open([System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.OpenFlags]::ReadWrite);
        $store.Add($pfxcert);
        $store.Close();

        Write-Output -InputObject $pfxcert;
    }
    catch 
    {
        throw $_;
    }
}

Answer 2

由于 Windows 错误，提供的脚本对我有用（谢谢！）有一个更改（请参阅Why does Set-Acl on the drive root try to set ownership of the "object"?）

这是更新后的脚本：

function Set-CertificatePermission
{
 param
 (
    [Parameter(Position=1, Mandatory=$true)]
    [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
    [string]$pfxThumbPrint,

    [Parameter(Position=2, Mandatory=$true)]
    [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
    [string]$serviceAccount
 )

 $cert = Get-ChildItem -Path cert:\LocalMachine\My | Where-Object -FilterScript { $PSItem.ThumbPrint -eq $pfxThumbPrint; };

 # Specify the user, the permissions and the permission type
 $permission = "$($serviceAccount)","Read,FullControl","Allow"
 $accessRule = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule -ArgumentList $permission;

 # Location of the machine related keys
 $keyPath = $env:ProgramData + "\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys\";
 $keyName = $cert.PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.UniqueKeyContainerName;
 $keyFullPath = $keyPath + $keyName;

 try
 {
    # Get the current acl of the private key
    $acl = (Get-Item $keyFullPath).GetAccessControl

    # Add the new ace to the acl of the private key
    $acl.AddAccessRule($accessRule);

    # Write back the new acl
    Set-Acl -Path $keyFullPath -AclObject $acl;
 }
 catch
 {
    throw $_;
 }
}