findViewById() 从自定义视图返回 null

Question

我是 Android 编程新手。我有一个 Main Activity，它实现了一些 TextView 和 custom-view 的布局。布局是这样的：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">


<TextView
    android:id="@+id/turnTextView"
    //and other tags
    />

    <com.example.crosstheboxprova.GameMap
    android:id="@+id/gameMapView"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    android:layout_marginStart="0dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="0dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="0dp"
    android:layout_marginEnd="0dp"
    android:layout_marginRight="0dp"
    android:layout_marginBottom="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/turnTextView" />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

custom-view 是这样的：

public class GameMap extends View {

private TextView tv;


public GameMap(Context context) {
    super(context);
    init(context);
}

public GameMap(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    super(context, attrs);
    init(context);
}

public GameMap(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
    super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
    init(context);
}

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
public GameMap(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes) {
    super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes);
    init(context);
}

private void init(Context context){
    //do I have to use the context in some way? 
    //here or on other part of the class I need something like:
    tv = findViewById(R.id.turnTextView); //returns null
    tv.setText("hello");
}



@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    super.onDraw(canvas);
    /***/
}



@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

}

}

MainActivity 是这样的：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private GameMap gameMap;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
    getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    gameMap = new GameMap(this);

}
}

问题是，当我调用FindViewById() 访问TextView 并从custom-view 内部设置文本时，它返回null 并抛出NullPonterException。如何从custom-view 内部访问TextView？

Answer 1

首先你必须创建一个custom_layout.xml 并把你的TextView 和任何你想像这样使用的小部件：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txt"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

然后在 GameMap 类的 init() 方法中初始化您的 custom_layout ：

public class GameMap extends LinearLayout {
.
.
.

     private void init(Context context) {

            View rootView = inflate(context, R.layout.sampel, this);
            tv = rootView.findViewById(R.id.txt);
            tv.setText("hello");
        }

然后在 MainActivity layout.xml 中添加您的 custom_layout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">


    <com.example.crosstheboxprova.GameMap
    android:id="@+id/gameMapView"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
    />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

在你的 MainActivity 类中：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        GameMap gameMap = (GameMap) findViewById(R.id.gameMapView);

//        And continue the code ...
    }
}