如何在 Windows 下使用 netifaces 获取有意义的网络接口名称而不是 GUID？

Question

我使用netifaces 模块。

import netifaces
print netifaces.interfaces()

但这显示了以下结果：

 ['{CDC97813-CC28-4260-BA1E-F0CE3081DEC7}',
 '{846EE342-7039-11DE-9D20-806E6F6E6963}',
 '{A51BA5F0-738B-4405-975F-44E67383513F}',
 '{A646FA85-2EC6-4E57-996E-96E1B1C5CD59}',
'{B5DC7787-26DC-4540-8424-A1D5598DC175}']

我想在 Windows 中获得一个“友好”的接口名称，例如“本地连接”。

我怎样才能得到它？

Answer 1

看起来netifaces 让我们将信息从 Windows 注册表中提取出来。以下函数适用于我在 Windows 8.1 上的 Python 3.4 下。

获取连接名称...

import netifaces as ni
import winreg as wr
from pprint import pprint

def get_connection_name_from_guid(iface_guids):
    iface_names = ['(unknown)' for i in range(len(iface_guids))]
    reg = wr.ConnectRegistry(None, wr.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE)
    reg_key = wr.OpenKey(reg, r'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Network\{4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}')
    for i in range(len(iface_guids)):
        try:
            reg_subkey = wr.OpenKey(reg_key, iface_guids[i] + r'\Connection')
            iface_names[i] = wr.QueryValueEx(reg_subkey, 'Name')[0]
        except FileNotFoundError:
            pass
    return iface_names

x = ni.interfaces()
pprint(get_connection_name_from_guid(x))

.. 在我的机器上产生：

['Local Area Connection* 12',
 'Bluetooth Network Connection',
 'Wi-Fi',
 'Ethernet',
 'VirtualBox Host-Only Network',
 '(unknown)',
 'isatap.{4E4150B0-643B-42EA-AEEA-A14FBD6B1844}',
 'isatap.{BB05D283-4CBF-4514-B76C-7B7EBB2FC85B}']

获取驱动程序名称...

import netifaces as ni
import winreg as wr
from pprint import pprint

def get_driver_name_from_guid(iface_guids):
    iface_names = ['(unknown)' for i in range(len(iface_guids))]
    reg = wr.ConnectRegistry(None, wr.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE)
    reg_key = wr.OpenKey(reg, r'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}')
    for i in range(wr.QueryInfoKey(reg_key)[0]):
        subkey_name = wr.EnumKey(reg_key, i)
        try:
            reg_subkey = wr.OpenKey(reg_key, subkey_name)
            guid = wr.QueryValueEx(reg_subkey, 'NetCfgInstanceId')[0]
            try:
                idx = iface_guids.index(guid)
                iface_names[idx] = wr.QueryValueEx(reg_subkey, 'DriverDesc')[0]
            except ValueError:
                pass
        except PermissionError:
            pass
    return iface_names

x = ni.interfaces()
pprint(get_driver_name_from_guid(x))

... 这给了我：

['Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter',
 'Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network)',
 'Dell Wireless 1395 WLAN Mini-Card',
 'Broadcom 440x 10/100 Integrated Controller',
 'VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter',
 '(unknown)',
 'Microsoft ISATAP Adapter',
 'Microsoft ISATAP Adapter']

Answer 2

Scapy 模块有一个内置的 get_windows_if_list() 运行良好。 （我稍微缩短了输出）

Python 3.7.0 (v3.7.0:1bf9cc5093, Jun 27 2018, 04:59:51) [MSC v.1914 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from scapy.all import *
>>> get_windows_if_list()
[
    {'name': 'Realtek USB GbE Family Controller', 'win_index': '17', 'description': 'Ethernet', 'guid': '<guid>', 'mac': '<mac>', 'netid': 'Ethernet'},  
    {'name': 'Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless-AC 8260', 'win_index': '5', 'description': 'Wi-Fi', 'guid': '<guid>', 'mac': '<mac>', 'netid': 'Wi-Fi'}
]

Answer 3

我们也可以使用 Windows WMI：

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()
qry = "select Name from Win32_NetworkAdapter where NetEnabled=True and NetConnectionStatus=2"

lst = [o.Name for o in c.query(qry)]
print(lst)

在我的机器上输出：

['Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller', 'VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1', 'VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8', 'VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter']

MSDN: Win32_NetworkAdapter class

Answer 4

MaxU 答案的扩展

更准确/精致的方式

Select Index from Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration WHERE IPEnabled = True or (ServiceName<>'' 
                                                    AND ServiceName<>'AsyncMac' 
                                                    AND ServiceName<>'VMnetx' AND ServiceName<>'VMnetadapter' AND ServiceName<>'Rasl2tp' AND ServiceName<>'msloop' AND ServiceName<>'PptpMiniport' 
                                                    AND ServiceName<>'Raspti' AND ServiceName<>'NDISWan' AND ServiceName<>'NdisWan4' AND ServiceName<>'RasPppoe' 
                                                    AND ServiceName<>'NdisIP' AND Description<>'PPP Adapter.') AND MACAddress is not NULL

然后触发关于

的查询

SELECT * FROM Win32_NetworkAdapter where index= <Index>

Answer 5

在 PowerShell 中要容易得多：

Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration | 
    Select-Object Description, SettingID, MACAddress | 
    Format-Table -AutoSize

Answer 6

如果您知道接口使用的 IP 地址，您可以简单地执行以下操作：

import netifaces as ni
def get_interfaces():
    ifaces = ni.interfaces()
    for iface in ifaces:
        try:
            ip = ni.ifaddresses(iface)[ni.AF_INET][0]["addr"]
            print(f"IP: {ip} from Interface {iface}")
        except:
            pass

Answer 7

Here

Scapy 的文档 (scapy.interfaces.NetworkInterface) NetworkInterface 类有多个数据变量

class NetworkInterface(object):
def __init__(self,
             provider,  # type: InterfaceProvider
             data=None,  # type: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
             ):
    # type: (...) -> None
    self.provider = provider
    self.name = ""
    self.description = ""
    self.network_name = ""
    self.index = -1
    self.ip = None  # type: Optional[str]
    self.ips = defaultdict(list)  # type: DefaultDict[int, List[str]]
    self.mac = None  # type: Optional[str]
    self.dummy = False
    if data is not None:
        self.update(data)

获取姓名的方法如下

from scapy.all import *
l=get_if_list()
dict=IFACES.data
for item in l:
    print(dic[item].name)

以下是获取驱动程序名称的方法

from scapy.all import *
l=get_if_list()
dict=IFACES.data
for item in l:
    print(dic[item].description)