在 Docker 容器中安装 python 时执行格式错误答案

【问题标题】：Exec format error while python installation in Docker container在 Docker 容器中安装 python 时执行格式错误
【发布时间】：2021-07-05 16:43:34
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试安装 cython:arm64，这是我的 Dockerfile：

FROM ubuntu:18.04
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get -y upgrade && \
echo deb [arch=amd64] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=amd64] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=amd64] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=amd64] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=amd64] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=amd64] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=amd64] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=amd64] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=amd64] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=amd64] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=arm64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=arm64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic universe >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=arm64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo deb [arch=arm64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main >> /etc/apt/sources.list

RUN dpkg --add-architecture arm64 && \
    apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y -f \
    cython:arm64

cython:arm64对python2.7-minimal:arm64有依赖，所以这个包也在安装中，python安装时出现exec格式错误：

Setting up python2.7-minimal:arm64 (2.7.17-1~18.04ubuntu1.6) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python2.7-minimal.postinst: 42: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python2.7-minimal.postinst: /usr/bin/python2.7: Exec format error
dpkg: error processing package python2.7-minimal:arm64 (--configure):
 installed python2.7-minimal:arm64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 2

如何避免这个问题并安装cython:arm64？

【问题讨论】：

标签： python docker cython arm64

【解决方案1】：

为了支持这一点，您需要在主机上安装 qemu 包，然后再构建您的 docker 映像：

sudo apt-get install qemu binfmt-support qemu-user-static

然后，使用 next 来注册 binfmt：

docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes

执行：

$ docker build -t abc:2 .
Step 1/3 : FROM ubuntu:18.04
......
Step 2/3 : RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y upgrade && echo deb [arch=amd64] 
......
Step 3/3 : RUN dpkg --add-architecture arm64 &&     apt-get update &&     apt-get install -y -f     cython:arm64
...
Setting up libsqlite3-0:arm64 (3.22.0-1ubuntu0.4) ...
Setting up libstdc++6:arm64 (8.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04) ...
Setting up libffi6:arm64 (3.2.1-8) ...
Setting up libc-dev-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1.4) ...
Setting up manpages-dev (4.15-1) ...
Setting up libc6-dev:arm64 (2.27-3ubuntu1.4) ...
Setting up libitm1:arm64 (8.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04) ...
Setting up libpython2.7-stdlib:arm64 (2.7.17-1~18.04ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up libisl19:arm64 (0.19-1) ...
Setting up libcc1-0:arm64 (8.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04) ...
Setting up libasan4:arm64 (7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) ...
Setting up libbinutils:arm64 (2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.5) ...
Setting up libubsan0:arm64 (7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) ...
Setting up libmpfr6:arm64 (4.0.1-1) ...
Setting up python2.7:arm64 (2.7.17-1~18.04ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up file (1:5.32-2ubuntu0.4) ...
Setting up libgcc-7-dev:arm64 (7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) ...
Setting up libpython-stdlib:arm64 (2.7.15~rc1-1) ...
Setting up libpython2.7:arm64 (2.7.17-1~18.04ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up libexpat1-dev:arm64 (2.2.5-3ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up libmpc3:arm64 (1.1.0-1) ...
Setting up libpython2.7-dev:arm64 (2.7.17-1~18.04ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up binutils:arm64 (2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.5) ...
Setting up python2.7-dev:arm64 (2.7.17-1~18.04ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up python:arm64 (2.7.15~rc1-1) ...
Setting up libpython-dev:arm64 (2.7.15~rc1-1) ...
Setting up python-dev:arm64 (2.7.15~rc1-1) ...
Setting up cython:arm64 (0.26.1-0.4) ...
Setting up cpp-7:arm64 (7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) ...
Setting up cpp:arm64 (4:7.4.0-1ubuntu2.3) ...
Setting up gcc-7:arm64 (7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) ...
Setting up gcc:arm64 (4:7.4.0-1ubuntu2.3) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1.4) ...
Removing intermediate container 995d04075a29
 ---> 555cac76aa77
Successfully built 555cac76aa77
Successfully tagged abc:2

【讨论】：

感谢您的回答。安装这些数据包后，我遇到了另一个错误：Setting up python2.7-minimal:arm64 (2.7.17-1~18.04ubuntu1.6) ... /var/lib/dpkg/info/python2.7-minimal.postinst: 42: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python2.7-minimal.postinst: /usr/bin/python2.7: not found 我尝试通过 apt-get 显式安装 python，但遇到了同样的错误。
这很奇怪，因为它在我这边工作，你在 docker 主机上安装了sudo apt-get install qemu binfmt-support qemu-user-static 吗？还是直接写在 dockerfile 里？你的主机操作系统是什么？
是的，我在 docker 主机上安装了这些包，dokerfile 保持不变。我在 Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS 上安装后需要重启电脑吗？
@Alex 我想我错过了 qemu bin 格式寄存器，更新答案。在构建自己的 dockerfile 之前，您需要使用 docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes。
你是对的，你的 docker run 命令有帮助。 cpython 已安装。谢谢！