如何使 Python Tkinter 文本在按钮和标签中自动调整大小？

Question

我在用 Python 编码时遇到了一个我找不到解决方案的问题。我有一个 tkinter 网格，它会自动调整大小以适应它所在的窗口大小，但我希望按钮/标签中的文本也能调整大小以适应新网格。一个基本的例子如下：

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

for x in range(3):
    for y in range(3):
        Label(root, width = 2, height = 4, text = (y * 3 + x) + 1, relief = GROOVE).grid(row = y, column = x, sticky = N+E+S+W)
        Grid.rowconfigure(root, y, weight = 1)
        Grid.columnconfigure(root, x, weight = 1)

root.mainloop()

我希望文本在您拖动窗口以展开它时增加。如何做到这一点？

---

编辑：

Mike - SMT 的解决方案效果很好，但不适用于我在他的回复评论中描述的情况。

这是我的代码：

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.font as tkFont

grey = [0,1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,19,20,24,25,26,30,31,32,39,40,41,48,49,50,54,55,56,60,61,62,63,64,65,69,70,71,72,73,74,78,79,80]
btn_list = []

filled = []
filled_ID = []

class GUI(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master = None):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)

        self.screen_init()

        self.key = None
        self.keydetection = False
        self.detect()
        self.bind_all("<Key>", self.key_event)

    def screen_init(self, master = None):
        for x in range(9):
            for y in range(9):
                btn_list.append(Button(master, width = 40, height = 40, image = pixel, compound = CENTER, bg = "#D3D3D3" if 9 * y + x in grey else "#FFFFFF", command = lambda c = 9 * y + x: self.click(c)))
                btn_list[-1].grid(row = y, column = x, sticky = N+E+S+W)
                Grid.rowconfigure(root, y, weight = 1)
                Grid.columnconfigure(root, x, weight = 1)

    def update(self, btn_ID, number = None, colour = "#000000", master = None):
            y = btn_ID // 9
            x = btn_ID % 9
            Button(master, width = 40, height = 40, image = pixel, text = number, compound = CENTER, fg = colour, bg = "#D3D3D3" if 9 * y + x in grey else "#FFFFFF", command = lambda c = 9 * y + x: self.click(c)).grid(row = y, column = x, sticky = N+E+S+W)

    def detect(self):
        self.keydetection = not self.keydetection

    def key_event(self, event):
        try:
            self.key = int(event.keysym)
        except:
            print("Numbers Only!")

    def click(self, btn_ID):
        if btn_ID in filled:
            filled_ID.pop(filled.index(btn_ID))
            filled.remove(btn_ID)
            window.update(btn_ID)
        else:
            filled.append(btn_ID)
            filled_ID.append(self.key)
            window.update(btn_ID, self.key)

def font_resize(event=None):
    for btn in btn_list:
        x = btn.winfo_width()
        y = btn.winfo_height()
        if x < y:
            btn.config(font=("Courier", (x-10)))
        else:
            btn.config(font=("Courier", (y-10)))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title("Example")
    pixel = PhotoImage(width = 1, height = 1)
    font = tkFont.Font(family = "Helvetica")
    window = GUI(root)
    root.bind("<Configure>", font_resize)
    root.mainloop()

这意味着当代码最初运行时文本不在网格中，因为用户按下数字键选择一个数字，然后单击他们希望该数字出现在网格中的位置，这似乎break Mike - SMT 的解决方案。有什么修复吗？

Answer 1

我会使用一个列表来跟踪每个标签。然后在窗口调整大小时将新的文本大小应用于标签。您还需要提供 1x1 像素的图像，以便标签读取其大小（以像素为单位）与文本高度的关系。

我将为此使用grid()，但使用pack() 也可以轻松完成。

因为我们使用的是grid()，所以我们需要确保在每一列/行上设置权重，标签将设置为使用rowconfigure() 和columnconfigure()。

我们需要的函数应该检查小部件的高度和宽度，然后根据较小的数字设置字体对象的大小。这将防止字体变得大于标签大小。

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.font as tkFont


root = tk.Tk()
label_list = []
font = tkFont.Font(family="Helvetica")
pixel = tk.PhotoImage(width=1, height=1)

for x in range(3):
    for y in range(3):
        root.rowconfigure(y, weight=1)
        root.columnconfigure(x, weight=1)

        label_list.append(tk.Label(root, width=40, height=40, image=pixel, text=(y * 3 + x) + 1, relief="groove", compound="center"))
        label_list[-1].grid(row=x, column=y, sticky="nsew")

def font_resize(event=None):
    for lbl in label_list:
        x = lbl.winfo_width()
        y = lbl.winfo_height()
        if x < y:
            lbl.config(font=("Courier", (x-10)))
        else:
            lbl.config(font=("Courier", (y-10)))

root.bind( "<Configure>", font_resize)
root.mainloop()

结果：

无论您如何调整窗口大小，它都应始终具有大致最大的字体，而不会超过标签大小。

更新：

我确实更改了您的代码中的一些内容。我将您创建btn_ID 的方式更改为不那么复杂的东西，并且我们可以使用更新方法。如果您有任何问题，请告诉我。

回答您更改的问题和您的评论是您的新代码的重新设计版本，可以做您想做的事情：

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.font as tkFont

grey = [0,1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,19,20,24,25,26,30,31,32,39,40,41,48,49,50,54,55,56,60,61,62,63,64,65,69,70,71,72,73,74,78,79,80]

class GUI(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.pixel = PhotoImage(width=1, height=1)
        self.font = tkFont.Font(family="Helvetica")
        self.master.bind("<Configure>", self.font_resize)
        self.btn_list = []
        self.filled = []
        self.filled_ID = []

        self.screen_init()

        self.key = None
        self.keydetection = False
        self.detect()
        self.bind_all("<Key>", self.key_event)
        root.bind( "<Configure>", self.font_resize)

    def screen_init(self, master=None):
        btn_ndex = 0
        for x in range(9):
            for y in range(9):
                self.btn_list.append(Button(master, font=self.font, width=40, height=40, image=self.pixel, compound=CENTER, bg="#D3D3D3" if 9 * y + x in grey else "#FFFFFF", command=lambda c=btn_ndex: self.click(c)))
                self.btn_list[-1].grid(row=y, column=x, sticky="nsew")
                root.rowconfigure(y, weight=1)
                root.columnconfigure(x, weight=1)
                btn_ndex += 1

    def font_resize(self, event=None):
        for btn in self.btn_list:
            x = btn.winfo_width()
            y = btn.winfo_height()
            if x < y:
                self.font.configure(size=x-10)
            else:
                self.font.configure(size=y-10)

    def update(self, btn_ID, number=None, colour="#000000", master=None):
        print(btn_ID)
        y = btn_ID // 9
        x = btn_ID % 9
        self.btn_list[btn_ID].config(text=number, fg=colour, bg="#D3D3D3" if 9 * y + x in grey else "#FFFFFF", command=lambda c=9 * y + x: self.click(c))

    def detect(self):
        self.keydetection=not self.keydetection

    def key_event(self, event):
        try:
            self.key=int(event.keysym)
        except:
            print("Numbers Only!")

    def click(self, btn_ID):
        if btn_ID in self.filled:
            self.filled_ID.pop(self.filled.index(btn_ID))
            self.filled.remove(btn_ID)
            window.update(btn_ID)
        else:
            self.filled.append(btn_ID)
            self.filled_ID.append(self.key)
            window.update(btn_ID, self.key)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title("Example")
    window = GUI(root)
    root.mainloop()