【发布时间】:2016-07-10 23:37:22
【问题描述】:
我已经有 HTTPS 来终止我的 AWS ELB 上的外部 HTTPS 连接。我现在正在尝试使用带有自签名证书的 HTTPS 来保护我的 ELB 和我在 EC2 上的后端 NGINX 服务器之间的连接。我关注了the documentation,但是通过 HTTPS 访问服务器会导致 408 HTTP 超时。我似乎无法获得任何调试信息来确定失败的地方。
- 我已确认安全组允许 ELB 和 EC2 上的 NGINX 之间的连接。
- 我已经确认 VPC 允许在 ELB 和 EC2 节点之间路由流量(HTTP 也可以正常工作)。
- 我已确认 EC2 节点上的 HTTPS 侦听器正在运行(我可以直接点击它而无需前往 ELB。
- 我创建了一个 PublicKeyPolicyType 类型的 ELB 策略,并关联了我的公钥。
- 我创建了一个类型为 BackendServerAuthenticationPolicyType 的 ELB 策略,并将其与 PublicKeyPolicyType 相关联。
- 我已将 BackendServerAuthenticationPolicyType 与 ELB 相关联。
- 我已确保 SSLNegotiationPolicyType 支持我在 NGINX 配置中指定的算法和密码。
- 我在 NGINX 访问日志中看到 HTTP 请求,但没有看到 HTTPS 请求。
我有什么方法可以获得任何额外的诊断信息来测试这个吗?
这是我的 ELB 配置:
$ aws elb describe-load-balancers --load-balancer-name <MY-ELB-NAME>
{
"LoadBalancerDescriptions": [
{
"Subnets": [
"<REDACTED>",
"<REDACTED>",
"<REDACTED>"
],
"CanonicalHostedZoneNameID": "<REDACTED>",
"VPCId": "<REDACTED>",
"ListenerDescriptions": [
{
"Listener": {
"InstancePort": 80,
"LoadBalancerPort": 80,
"Protocol": "HTTP",
"InstanceProtocol": "HTTP"
},
"PolicyNames": []
},
{
"Listener": {
"InstancePort": 443,
"SSLCertificateId": "<REDACTED>",
"LoadBalancerPort": 443,
"Protocol": "HTTPS",
"InstanceProtocol": "HTTPS"
},
"PolicyNames": [
"ELBSecurityPolicy-2015-05"
]
}
],
"HealthCheck": {
"HealthyThreshold": 2,
"Interval": 30,
"Target": "HTTP:80/health",
"Timeout": 10,
"UnhealthyThreshold": 2
},
"BackendServerDescriptions": [
{
"InstancePort": 443,
"PolicyNames": [
"MyBackendServerAuthenticationPolicy"
]
}
],
"Instances": [
{
"InstanceId": "<REDACTED>"
}
],
"DNSName": "<REDACTED>.us-west-2.elb.amazonaws.com",
"SecurityGroups": [
"<GROUP_ID>"
],
"Policies": {
"LBCookieStickinessPolicies": [],
"AppCookieStickinessPolicies": [],
"OtherPolicies": [
"ELBSecurityPolicy-2015-05",
"MyBackendServerAuthenticationPolicy",
"MyPublicKeyPolicy"
]
},
"LoadBalancerName": "<MY-ELB-NAME>",
"CreatedTime": "2016-03-23T20:58:49.490Z",
"AvailabilityZones": [
"us-west-2a",
"us-west-2b",
"us-west-2c"
],
"Scheme": "internal",
"SourceSecurityGroup": {
"OwnerAlias": "<REDACTED>",
"GroupName": "<GROUP_NAME>"
}
}
]
}
这是我的 ELB 政策:
$ aws elb describe-load-balancer-policies --load-balancer-name <MY-ELB-NAME>
{
"PolicyDescriptions": [
{
"PolicyAttributeDescriptions": [
{
"AttributeName": "Reference-Security-Policy",
"AttributeValue": "ELBSecurityPolicy-2015-05"
},
...
{
"AttributeName": "Protocol-TLSv1.2",
"AttributeValue": "true"
},
...
{
"AttributeName": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
"AttributeValue": "true"
},
...
],
"PolicyName": "ELBSecurityPolicy-2015-05",
"PolicyTypeName": "SSLNegotiationPolicyType"
},
{
"PolicyAttributeDescriptions": [
{
"AttributeName": "PublicKeyPolicyName",
"AttributeValue": "MyPublicKeyPolicy"
}
],
"PolicyName": "MyBackendServerAuthenticationPolicy",
"PolicyTypeName": "BackendServerAuthenticationPolicyType"
},
{
"PolicyAttributeDescriptions": [
{
"AttributeName": "PublicKey",
"AttributeValue": "<REDACTED>"
}
],
"PolicyName": "MyPublicKeyPolicy",
"PolicyTypeName": "PublicKeyPolicyType"
}
]
}
这是我的 NGINX 配置:
worker_processes 10;
worker_rlimit_nofile 8192;
events {
worker_connections 4096;
}
error_log syslog:server=unix:/dev/log error;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
http {
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_subrequest on;
access_log syslog:server=unix:/dev/log,severity=debug extended;
tcp_nodelay on;
tcp_nopush on;
server_tokens off;
upstream api {
server localhost:8080;
}
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
location / {
# Redirect all other HTTP requests to HTTPS with a 301 Moved Permanently response.
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
listen [::]:443 ssl;
ssl_certificate /path/to/ssl.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /path/to/ssl.key;
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
ssl_session_tickets off;ECDHE
# Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites, recommended 2048 bits
ssl_dhparam /path/to/dhparam.pem;
# modern configuration. tweak to your needs.
# See: https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256';
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains;";
# Our main location to proxy everything else to the upstream
# server, but with the added logic for enforcing HTTPS.
location / {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_next_upstream error;
proxy_pass http://api;
}
}
}
我正在使用以下命令生成密钥/证书:
$ openssl genrsa \
-out /path/to/ssl.key 2048
$ openssl req \
-sha256 \
-new \
-key /path/to/ssl.key \
-out /path/to/ssl.csr
$ openssl x509 \
-req \
-days 365 \
-in /path/to/ssl.csr \
-signkey /path/to/ssl.key \
-out /path/to/ssl.crt
$ openssl dhparam -out /path/to/dhparam.pem 2048
【问题讨论】:
-
您这样做是出于合规性原因(PCI/HIPAA/等),还是仅仅因为您认为需要它? ELB 和 Web 服务器之间的网络流量将包含在您的 VPC 中,因此只有当攻击者获得对您 VPC 中服务器的访问权限时,它才会受到损害。除非您对“动态加密”有法律要求,否则通常认为 SSL 到 ELB 已经足够好。
-
是的,我们有对通过网络传输的流量进行加密的法律要求,这是一个很好的做法。
-
监听器的
Instance Protocol设置是否设置为HTTPS(在控制台中)? HTTPS 和 443 需要在该屏幕的左侧和右侧设置,右侧默认为 HTTP ...我不知道如果不是这样会导致 408。 -
@Michael-sqlbot 抱歉,我应该发布我的 ELB 侦听器设置。我会用该信息更新我的问题。要回答您的问题,是的,实例协议设置为 HTTPS,并且在后端实例上转发到 443。
-
感谢您提出的非常详尽的问题。它帮助我弄清楚了如何设置经典负载均衡器以及如何在我的目标 EC2 实例上创建自签名证书以及如何去做。给您的问题:您的 NGINX 配置文件中的
location / {部分包含所有代理规则是什么?这对负载均衡器有必要吗?我的 EC2 实例的 NGINX 配置文件中没有这样的部分。不确定我是否应该添加它。
标签: amazon-web-services nginx amazon-ec2 https amazon-elb