C# 线性插值

Question

我在插入数据文件时遇到问题，我已将其从 .csv 转换为 X 数组和 Y 数组，其中 X[0] 对应于点 Y[0]。

我需要在这些值之间进行插值，以在最后给我一个平滑的文件。 我正在使用 Picoscope 来输出函数，这意味着每行在时间上是等距的，所以只使用 Y 值，这就是为什么当你看到我的代码时我试图以一种奇怪的方式来做这件事。

它必须处理的值类型是：

X     Y
0     0
2.5   0
2.5   12000
7.5   12000
7.5   3000
10    3000
10    6000
11    6625.254
12    7095.154

因此，如果 2 个 Y 值彼此相邻，则它们之间是一条直线，但是当它们从 X = 10 开始变化时，在本例中它变成了正弦波。

我一直在看这里的插值等式和其他帖子，但我已经多年没有做过那种数学了，遗憾的是我再也想不通了，因为有 2 个未知数，我可以'不考虑如何将其编程到 c# 中。

我拥有的是：

int a = 0, d = 0, q = 0;
bool up = false;
double times = 0, change = 0, points = 0, pointchange = 0; 
double[] newy = new double[8192];
while (a < sizeoffile-1 && d < 8192)
{
    Console.Write("...");
    if (Y[a] == Y[a+1])//if the 2 values are the same add correct number of lines in to make it last the correct time
    {
        times = (X[a] - X[a + 1]);//number of repetitions
        if ((X[a + 1] - X[a]) > times)//if that was a negative number try the other way around
            times = (X[a + 1] - X[a]);//number of repetitions 
        do
        {
            newy[d] = Y[a];//add the values to the newy array which replaces y later on in the program
            d++;//increment newy position
            q++;//reduce number of reps in this loop
        }
        while (q < times + 1 && d < 8192);
        q = 0;//reset reps
    }
    else if (Y[a] != Y[a + 1])//if the 2 values are not the same interpolate between them
    {
        change = (Y[a] - Y[a + 1]);//work out difference between the values
        up = true;//the waveform is increasing
        if ((Y[a + 1] - Y[a]) > change)//if that number was a negative try the other way around
        {
            change = (Y[a + 1] - Y[a]);//work out difference bwteen values
            up = false;//the waveform is decreasing
        }
        points = (X[a] - X[a + 1]);//work out amount of time between given points
        if ((X[a + 1] - X[a]) > points)//if that was a negative try other way around
            points = (X[a + 1] - X[a]);///work out amount of time between given points
        pointchange = (change / points);//calculate the amount per point in time the value changes by
        if (points > 1)//any lower and the values cause errors
        {
            newy[d] = Y[a];//load first point
            d++;
            do
            {
                if (up == true)//
                    newy[d] = ((newy[d - 1]) + pointchange);
                else if (up == false)
                    newy[d] = ((newy[d - 1]) - pointchange);
                d++;
                q++;
            }
            while (q < points + 1 && d < 8192);
            q = 0;
        }
        else if (points != 0 && points > 0)
        {
            newy[d] = Y[a];//load first point
            d++;
        }
    }
    a++;
}

这会创建一个接近的波形，但它仍然非常阶梯状。

那么任何人都可以看出为什么这不是很准确吗？ 如何提高其准确性？ 或者使用数组的不同方式？

感谢收看 :)

Answer 1

帮我试试这个方法：

static public double linear(double x, double x0, double x1, double y0, double y1)
{
    if ((x1 - x0) == 0)
    {
        return (y0 + y1) / 2;
    }
    return y0 + (x - x0) * (y1 - y0) / (x1 - x0);
}

实际上，您应该能够像这样获取数组并使用它：

var newY = linear(X[0], X[0], X[1], Y[0], Y[1]);

我从here 提取代码，但验证算法与理论here 匹配，所以我认为是对的。但是，如果这仍然是阶梯式的，您可能应该考虑使用多项式插值，请注意理论链接，它表明线性插值会产生阶梯波。

所以，我给出的第一个链接（我从中获取此代码的地方）也有一个多项式算法：

static public double lagrange(double x, double[] xd, double[] yd)
{
    if (xd.Length != yd.Length)
    {
        throw new ArgumentException("Arrays must be of equal length."); //$NON-NLS-1$
    }
    double sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0, n = xd.Length; i < n; i++)
    {
        if (x - xd[i] == 0)
        {
            return yd[i];
        }
        double product = yd[i];
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
        {
            if ((i == j) || (xd[i] - xd[j] == 0))
            {
                continue;
            }
            product *= (x - xd[i]) / (xd[i] - xd[j]);
        }
        sum += product;
    }
    return sum;
}

要使用这个，您必须决定如何提高 x 值，因此假设我们想通过找到当前迭代和下一个迭代之间的中点来实现：

for (int i = 0; i < X.Length; i++)
{
    var newY = lagrange(new double[] { X[i]d, X[i+1]d }.Average(), X, Y);
}

请注意，这个循环还有更多内容，比如确保有一个 i+1 等，但我想看看我是否可以给你一个开始。

Answer 2

Theoretical base at Wolfram

下面的解决方案计算具有相同 X 的给定点的 Y 值的平均值，就像 Matlab 的 polyfit 函数一样

Linq 和 .NET 框架版本 > 3.5 对于这个 swift API 是必需的。 代码内的注释。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;


/// <summary>
/// Linear Interpolation using the least squares method
/// <remarks>http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LeastSquaresFitting.html</remarks> 
/// </summary>
public class LinearLeastSquaresInterpolation
{
    /// <summary>
    /// point list constructor
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="points">points list</param>
    public LinearLeastSquaresInterpolation(IEnumerable<Point> points)
    {
        Points = points;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// abscissae/ordinates constructor
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="x">abscissae</param>
    /// <param name="y">ordinates</param>
    public LinearLeastSquaresInterpolation(IEnumerable<float> x, IEnumerable<float> y)
    {
        if (x.Empty() || y.Empty())
            throw new ArgumentNullException("null-x");
        if (y.Empty())
            throw new ArgumentNullException("null-y");
        if (x.Count() != y.Count())
            throw new ArgumentException("diff-count");

        Points = x.Zip(y, (unx, uny) =>  new Point { x = unx, y = uny } );
    }

    private IEnumerable<Point> Points;
    /// <summary>
    /// original points count
    /// </summary>
    public int Count { get { return Points.Count(); } }

    /// <summary>
    /// group points with equal x value, average group y value
    /// </summary>
                                                    public IEnumerable<Point> UniquePoints
{
    get
    {
        var grp = Points.GroupBy((p) => { return p.x; });
        foreach (IGrouping<float,Point> g in grp)
        {
            float currentX = g.Key;
            float averageYforX = g.Select(p => p.y).Average();
            yield return new Point() { x = currentX, y = averageYforX };
        }
    }
}
    /// <summary>
    /// count of point set used for interpolation
    /// </summary>
    public int CountUnique { get { return UniquePoints.Count(); } }
    /// <summary>
    /// abscissae
    /// </summary>
    public IEnumerable<float> X { get { return UniquePoints.Select(p => p.x); } }
    /// <summary>
    /// ordinates
    /// </summary>
    public IEnumerable<float> Y { get { return UniquePoints.Select(p => p.y); } }
    /// <summary>
    /// x mean
    /// </summary>
    public float AverageX { get { return X.Average(); } }
    /// <summary>
    /// y mean
    /// </summary>
    public float AverageY { get { return Y.Average(); } }

    /// <summary>
    /// the computed slope, aka regression coefficient
    /// </summary>
    public float Slope { get { return ssxy / ssxx; } }

    // dotvector(x,y)-n*avgx*avgy
    float ssxy { get { return X.DotProduct(Y) - CountUnique * AverageX * AverageY; } }
    //sum squares x - n * square avgx
    float ssxx { get { return X.DotProduct(X) - CountUnique * AverageX * AverageX; } }

    /// <summary>
    /// computed  intercept
    /// </summary>
    public float Intercept { get { return AverageY - Slope * AverageX; } }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return string.Format("slope:{0:F02} intercept:{1:F02}", Slope, Intercept);
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// any given point
/// </summary>
 public class Point 
 {
     public float x { get; set; }
     public float y { get; set; }
 }

/// <summary>
/// Linq extensions
/// </summary>
public static class Extensions 
{
    /// <summary>
    /// dot vector product
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="a">input</param>
    /// <param name="b">input</param>
    /// <returns>dot product of 2 inputs</returns>
    public static float DotProduct(this IEnumerable<float> a, IEnumerable<float> b)
    {
        return a.Zip(b, (d1, d2) => d1 * d2).Sum();
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// is empty enumerable
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    /// <param name="a"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static bool Empty<T>(this IEnumerable<T> a)
    {
        return a == null || a.Count() == 0;
    }
}

像这样使用它：

var llsi = new LinearLeastSquaresInterpolation(new Point[] 
    {
        new Point {x=1, y=1}, new Point {x=1, y=1.1f}, new Point {x=1, y=0.9f}, 
        new Point {x=2, y=2}, new Point {x=2, y=2.1f}, new Point {x=2, y=1.9f}, 
        new Point {x=3, y=3}, new Point {x=3, y=3.1f}, new Point {x=3, y=2.9f}, 
        new Point {x=10, y=10}, new Point {x=10, y=10.1f}, new Point {x=10, y=9.9f},
        new Point {x=100, y=100}, new Point{x=100, y=100.1f}, new Point {x=100, y=99.9f}
    });

或者：

var llsi = new LinearLeastSquaresInterpolation(
    new float[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 },
    new float[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 });