到达浏览器窗口顶部时如何创建粘性导航？答案

【问题标题】：How do you create a sticky navigation when top of browser window is reached?到达浏览器窗口顶部时如何创建粘性导航？
【发布时间】：2023-03-13 22:49:01
【问题描述】：

我正试图让我的导航栏在标题区域滚动通过后粘在浏览器窗口的顶部。我从一开始就没有想到它，所以我在没有“修复”导航的情况下构建了整个东西。我希望我可以做一些事情来实现这一点，而不必重做一堆代码。

HTML

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <title>Joshua Huff | Designer</title></title></title>
        <link rel="Stylesheet" href="css/normalize.css">
        <link rel="Google Fonts" href="" />
        <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/main.css" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/responsive.css" />
        <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/scripts.js"></script>
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    </head>
    <body>
        <header id="header">
            <h1 id="logo">Joshua Huff</h1>
            <p id="logo-caption">You've gotta keep it real.</p>
            <p id="header-copyright">&copy; Joshua Huff 2014. All rights reserved.</p>


            <!-- NAVIGATION BAR -->

            <nav id="menu-wrap">    
                <ul id="menu">
                    <li><a href="">Home</a></li>
                    <li>
                        <a href="">Categories ▼</a>
                        <ul>
                            <li>
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                                <ul>
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                                </ul>               
                            </li>
                            <li>
                                <a href="">Graphic design ►</a>
                                <ul>
                                    <li><a href="">Item 21</a></li>
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                                <a href="">Development tools ►</a>
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                    </li>
                    <li>
                        <a href="">Work ▼</a>
                        <ul>
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                            </li>
                        </ul>       
                    </li>
                    <li><a href="">About</a></li>
                    <li><a href="">Contact</a></li>
                    <li id="splitter">..</li>
                </ul>
            </nav>

            <!-- END OF NAVIGATION BAR -->

        </header>


        <!-- SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS -->

        <a href="https://www.facebook.com/JoshuaMichaelHuff" target="_blank" class="social-link">       
            <img src="images/facebook-round.png" alt="Facebook logo" id="facebook" class="social-icon" />
        </a>
        <a href="https://twitter.com/JoshuaHuff94" target="_blank" class="social-link">     
            <img src="images/twitter-round.png" alt="Twitter logo" id="twitter" class="social-icon" />
        </a>
        <a href="http://instagram.com/joshua_huff7812" target="_blank" class="social-link">     
            <img src="images/instagram-round.png" alt="Instagram logo" id="instagram" class="social-icon" />
        </a>

        <!-- END OF SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS -->


        <!-- PAGE CONTENT -->

        <div id="page-content">
            <section id="column-1">
                <h2>The Introduction to the Site</h2>
                <p>This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.</p>
                <br /><hr /><br />
                <h2>The Introduction to the Site</h2>
                <p>This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.</p>
                <br /><hr /><br />
                <h2>The Introduction to the Site</h2>
                <p>This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.</p>
            </section>
            <section id="column-2">
                <h2>The Introduction to the Site</h2>
                <p>This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.</p>
                <br /><hr /><br />
                <h2>The Introduction to the Site</h2>
                <p>This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.
                This is just going to be a way for me to test the color used for paragraphs.</p>
            </section>
        </div>

        <!-- END OF PAGE CONTENT -->


        <!-- SITE FOOTER -->

        <footer>
            <p id="footer-copyright">&copy; Joshua Huff 2014. All rights reserved.</p>
        </footer>

        <!-- END OF SITE FOOTER -->

    </body>
</html>

CSS

/*****************************
GENERAL
*****************************/


body{
    background: #eee;
    font: 13px 'trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica;
}

h2 {
    color: #2f2e2a;
    font-size: 19px;
    margin: 0;
}

p {
    color: #6e6b63;
    font-size: 12.5px;
    margin: 0;
}

a {
    color: #2A679F;
}

#page-content {
    text-align: left;
    width: 1000px;
    height: 1100px;
    /*margin: 3% 10% 5% 10%;*/
    margin: 3% auto;
}

#column-1 {
    float: left;
    width: 480px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    /*padding-right: 14px;
    border-right: 1px solid #8e8e8d;*/
}

#column-2 {
    float: right;
    width: 480px;
    margin-right: 5px;
}


/*****************************
HEADER
*****************************/


#logo {
    margin: 30px 0 0 125px;
    font-size: 30px;
}

#logo-caption {
    margin: 0 0 0 125px;
    font-size: 14px;
    text-decoration: none;
}

#header-copyright {
    text-align: right;
    margin-top: 20px;
    margin-right: 125px;
    font-size: 14px;
    border: none;
    color: #6e6b63;
    /*margin-top: 10px;
    margin-left: 45px;
    font-size: 14px;
    border: none;
    color: #6e6b63;*/
}


/*****************************
NAVIGATION BAR
*****************************/


.fixed {
    position: fixed;
}

#menu, #menu ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

#menu {
    max-width: 1080px;
    height: 38px;
    margin: /*60px*/ /*30px*/ 15px auto;
    border: 1px solid #222;
    background-color: #111;
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(#444, #111); 
    background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#444), to(#111));    
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(#444, #111);  
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(#444, #111);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(#444, #111);
    background-image: linear-gradient(#444, #111);
    -moz-border-radius: 6px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 6px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px #777, 0 1px 0 #666 inset;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px #777, 0 1px 0 #666 inset;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 1px #777, 0 1px 0 #666 inset;
}

#menu:before, #menu:after {
    content: "";
    display: table;
}

#menu:after {
    clear: both;
}

#menu {
    zoom:1;
}

#menu li {
    float: left;
    border-right: 1px solid #222;
    -moz-box-shadow: 1px 0 0 #444;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 1px 0 0 #444;
    box-shadow: 1px 0 0 #444;
    position: relative;
}

#menu a {
    float: left;
    padding: 12px 30px;
    color: #999;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font: bold 12px Arial, Helvetica;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #000;
}

#menu li:hover > a {
    color: #fafafa;
}

*html #menu li a:hover { /* IE6 only */
    color: #fafafa;
}

#menu ul {
    margin: 20px 0 0 0;
    _margin: 0; /* IE6 only */
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    position: absolute;
    top: 38px;
    left: 0;
    z-index: 1;    
    background: #444;
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(#444, #111);
    background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#444), to(#111));
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#444, #111);    
    background: -o-linear-gradient(#444, #111); 
    background: -ms-linear-gradient(#444, #111);    
    background: linear-gradient(#444, #111);
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 -1px rgba(255,255,255,.3);
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 -1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);
    box-shadow: 0 -1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);  
    -moz-border-radius: 3px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 3px;
    border-radius: 3px;
    -webkit-transition: all .2s ease-in-out;
    -moz-transition: all .2s ease-in-out;
    -ms-transition: all .2s ease-in-out;
    -o-transition: all .2s ease-in-out;
    transition: all .2s ease-in-out;  
}

#menu li:hover > ul {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    margin: 0;
}

#menu ul ul {
    top: 0;
    left: 150px;
    margin: 0 0 0 20px;
    _margin: 0; /* IE6 only */
    -moz-box-shadow: -1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);
    -webkit-box-shadow: -1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);
    box-shadow: -1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);      
}

#menu ul li {
    float: none;
    display: block;
    border-left: 4px solid #aa0a0a;
    _line-height: 0; /* IE6 only */
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #111, 0 2px 0 #666;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #111, 0 2px 0 #666;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #111, 0 2px 0 #666;
}

#menu ul li:last-child {   
    -moz-box-shadow: none;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;    
}

#menu ul a {    
    padding: 10px;
    width: 130px;
    _height: 10px; /* IE6 only */
    display: block;
    white-space: nowrap;
    float: none;
    text-transform: none;
}

#menu ul a:hover {
    background-color: #0186ba;
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(#04acec,  #0186ba);  
    background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#04acec), to(#0186ba));
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(#04acec, #0186ba);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(#04acec, #0186ba);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(#04acec, #0186ba);
    background-image: linear-gradient(#04acec, #0186ba);
}

#menu ul li:first-child > a {
    -moz-border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;
    -webkit-border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;
    border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;
}

#menu ul li:first-child > a:after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 40px;
    top: -6px;
    border-left: 6px solid transparent;
    border-right: 6px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 6px solid #444;
}

#menu ul ul li:first-child a:after {
    left: -6px;
    top: 50%;
    margin-top: -6px;
    border-left: 0; 
    border-bottom: 6px solid transparent;
    border-top: 6px solid transparent;
    border-right: 6px solid #3b3b3b;
}

#menu ul li:first-child a:hover:after {
    border-bottom-color: #04acec; 
}

#menu ul ul li:first-child a:hover:after {
    border-right-color: #0299d3; 
    border-bottom-color: transparent;   
}

#menu ul li:last-child > a {
    -moz-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px;
    border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px;
}


/*****************************
SOCIAL LINKS IN NAVIGATION BAR
*****************************/


#splitter {
    /*margin-left: 45px;*/
    margin-left: 305px;
    border-right: 2px solid #171715;
    font-size: 1px;
    height: 38px;
}

#facebook {
    margin-right: 275px;
}

#twitter {
    margin-right: 225px;
}

#instagram {
    margin-right: 175px;
}

.social-icon {
    display: inline-block;
    float: right;
    /*margin-top: -95px;*/ /*Only when the nav-bar is at 60px from margin-top */
    /*margin-top: -65px;*/ /*Only when the nav-bar is at 30px from margin-top */
    margin-top: -50px; /*Only when the nav-bar is at 15px from margin-top */
    padding-top: 3px;
    padding-right: 3px;
    padding-bottom: 3px;
    padding-left: 3px;
}


/*****************************
FOOTER
*****************************/


footer {
    width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding-right: 30px;
    border-top: 1px solid #8e8e8d;
}

.footer-social-link {
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0;
}

#footer-copyright {
    text-align: left;
    margin-top: 30px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-size: 11px;
    border: none;
    color: #6e6b63;
}

【问题讨论】：

标签： jquery html css navigation sticky

【解决方案1】：

这是一个FIDDLE

(function($) {
  $(window).scroll(function() {
    if($(this).scrollTop() >= 130) {
       $('#menu-wrap').addClass('fixed');   
    }
    else {
       $('#menu-wrap').removeClass('fixed');   
    }
  });
})(jQuery);

.fixed {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
}
#header-copyright {
  display: block;
  text-align: right;
  margin: 20px 125px 15px 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  border: none;
  color: #6e6b63;
}
#menu {
  max-width: 1080px;
  height: 38px;
  margin: /*60px*/ /*30px*/ 0 auto;
  border: 1px solid #222;
  background-color: #111;
  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(#444, #111); 
  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#444), to(#111));    
  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(#444, #111);  
  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(#444, #111);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(#444, #111);
  background-image: linear-gradient(#444, #111);
  -moz-border-radius: 6px;
  -webkit-border-radius: 6px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px #777, 0 1px 0 #666 inset;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px #777, 0 1px 0 #666 inset;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 1px #777, 0 1px 0 #666 inset;
}
.social-icon {
  display: inline-block;
  float: right;
  margin-top: -34px;
  padding: 3px;
}

【讨论】：

非常感谢。 :) 这很好用。 ^.^ 出于好奇，你会不会碰巧知道我怎样才能让我的社交媒体链接保持不变？我不确定这是否意味着以某种方式更改我的代码并将它们包含在带有导航的 div 或 nav 标记中，或者我是否可以这样做而无需重新排列。我只是希望它们基本上看起来像是导航栏的一部分。 ^.^
在小提琴中，我已经将社交图标放在导航<li> 元素中，因此它们会留在导航中。

【解决方案2】：

我认为您最好为此使用 javascript。这是一个依赖 jQuery 的解决方案，一旦导航栏到达页面顶部，就会将其转换为固定位置，并在其位置粘贴一个临时 div 以防止布局发生变化。

http://jsfiddle.net/T6nZe/523/

HTML（示例替换为您的）：

<br /><br /><br /><br />
<div class="navbar"></div>
<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />

CSS：

.navbar {
  height: 50px;
  width: 100%;
  background: black;
}
.fix {
  position: fixed;
}

JS：

$(function(){
  var
    $win = $(window),
    $filter = $('.navbar'),
    $filterSpacer = $('<div />', {
      "class": "filter-drop-spacer",
      "height": $filter.outerHeight()
    });
  $win.scroll(function(){     
    if(!$filter.hasClass('fix') && $win.scrollTop() > $filter.offset().top){
      $filter.before($filterSpacer);
      $filter.addClass("fix");
    } else if ($filter.hasClass('fix')  && $win.scrollTop() < $filterSpacer.offset().top){
      $filter.removeClass("fix");
      $filterSpacer.remove();
    }
  });
});

【讨论】：