【发布时间】:2012-09-15 18:29:07
【问题描述】:
我已阅读 How do I get the name of captured groups in a C# Regex? 和 How do I access named capturing groups in a .NET Regex? 以尝试了解如何在正则表达式中找到匹配组的结果。
我还阅读了 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/30wbz966.aspx 的 MSDN 中的所有内容
我觉得奇怪的是 C#(或 .NET)似乎是唯一的正则表达式实现,它使您可以迭代组以查找匹配的组(特别是如果您需要名称),而且事实上名称不与组结果一起存储。例如,PHP 和 Python 将为您提供匹配的组名,作为 RegEx 匹配结果的一部分。
我必须迭代组并检查匹配项,并且我必须保留我自己的组名列表,因为名称不在结果中。
这是我要演示的代码:
public class Tokenizer
{
private Dictionary<string, string> tokens;
private Regex re;
public Tokenizer()
{
tokens = new Dictionary<string, string>();
tokens["NUMBER"] = @"\d+(\.\d*)?"; // Integer or decimal number
tokens["STRING"] = @""".*"""; // String
tokens["COMMENT"] = @";.*"; // Comment
tokens["COMMAND"] = @"[A-Za-z]+"; // Identifiers
tokens["NEWLINE"] = @"\n"; // Line endings
tokens["SKIP"] = @"[ \t]"; // Skip over spaces and tabs
List<string> token_regex = new List<string>();
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> pair in tokens)
{
token_regex.Add(String.Format("(?<{0}>{1})", pair.Key, pair.Value));
}
string tok_regex = String.Join("|", token_regex);
re = new Regex(tok_regex);
}
public List<Token> parse(string pSource)
{
List<Token> tokens = new List<Token>();
Match get_token = re.Match(pSource);
while (get_token.Success)
{
foreach (string gname in this.tokens.Keys)
{
Group group = get_token.Groups[gname];
if (group.Success)
{
tokens.Add(new Token(gname, get_token.Groups[gname].Value));
break;
}
}
get_token = get_token.NextMatch();
}
return tokens;
}
}
排队
foreach (string gname in this.tokens.Keys)
这不应该是必要的,但它是。
有没有办法找到匹配的组和它的名字而不必遍历所有组?
编辑:比较实现。这是我为 Python 实现编写的相同代码。
class xTokenizer(object):
"""
xTokenizer converts a text source code file into a collection of xToken objects.
"""
TOKENS = [
('NUMBER', r'\d+(\.\d*)?'), # Integer or decimal number
('STRING', r'".*"'), # String
('COMMENT', r';.*'), # Comment
('VAR', r':[A-Za-z]+'), # Variables
('COMMAND', r'[A-Za-z]+'), # Identifiers
('OP', r'[+*\/\-]'), # Arithmetic operators
('NEWLINE', r'\n'), # Line endings
('SKIP', r'[ \t]'), # Skip over spaces and tabs
('SLIST', r'\['), # Start a list of commands
('ELIST', r'\]'), # End a list of commands
('SARRAY', r'\{'), # Start an array
('EARRAY', r'\}'), # End end an array
]
def __init__(self,tokens=None):
"""
Constructor
Args:
tokens - key/pair of regular expressions used to match tokens.
"""
if tokens is None:
tokens = self.TOKENS
self.tokens = tokens
self.tok_regex = '|'.join('(?P<%s>%s)' % pair for pair in tokens)
pass
def parse(self,source):
"""
Converts the source code into a list of xToken objects.
Args:
sources - The source code as a string.
Returns:
list of xToken objects.
"""
get_token = re.compile(self.tok_regex).match
line = 1
pos = line_start = 0
mo = get_token(source)
result = []
while mo is not None:
typ = mo.lastgroup
if typ == 'NEWLINE':
line_start = pos
line += 1
elif typ != 'SKIP':
val = mo.group(typ)
result.append(xToken(typ, val, line, mo.start()-line_start))
pos = mo.end()
mo = get_token(source, pos)
if pos != len(source):
raise xParserError('Unexpected character %r on line %d' %(source[pos], line))
return result
如您所见,Python 不需要您对组进行迭代,类似的事情可以在 PHP 中完成,我假设是 Java。
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