如何在 post 方法中反序列化 asp.net core api 中的 json 数组？

Question

我该如何解决这个问题（序列化/反序列化 JSON 数组并从 sql server 存储和读取）？ 谢谢

我创建了连接到 Angular 项目的 asp.net 核心 api，当我想要发布包含 json 数组（成分）的 json 时出现问题：

 { "RecepieName": "3222",
"Ingredient": [ { "ingredientName": "43243", "value": "33", "measure": "" },
{ "ingredientName": "565" , "value": "3", "measure": "" }],
"CookingTime": 3,
"Level": "advance", 
"ServingPerson": 3, 
"RecepieAbstration": "good food",
"RecepieText": "",
"CreateDate": "2021-01-04T12:37:51.948",
"ModifiedDate": "2021-01-04T12:37:51.948" }

当我使用邮递员进行测试时，我遇到了这个错误：

postman error

您可以在控制器中看到我的模型、dto 和操作帖子：

型号：

  public class Recepie
    {
    [Key]
    public int ID { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string RecepieName { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string Ingredient { get; set; }   // include ingredientName / value / measure array
    [Required]
    public int CookingTime { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string Level { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public int ServingPerson { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string RecepieAbstration { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string RecepieText { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string NutritionalInformation { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string Tags { get; set; }
  
    public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }

    public DateTime ModifiedDate { get; set; }
    }

DTO : RecepieCreateDto

    public class RecepieCreateDto
{

    public string RecepieName { get; set; }

    //public int MentorID { get; set; }

    public string Ingredient { get; set; }


    public int CookingTime { get; set; }

    public string Level { get; set; }

    public int ServingPerson { get; set; }

    public string RecepieAbstration { get; set; }

    public string RecepieText { get; set; }

    public string Tags { get; set; }

    public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }

    public DateTime ModifiedDate { get; set; }
}

动作帖：

        //Post api/recepie
    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult <RecepieReadDto> CreateRecepie(RecepieCreateDto recepieCreateDto)
    {
        var recepieModel = _mapper.Map<Recepie>(recepieCreateDto);
        _repository.CreateRecepieObject(recepieModel);
        _repository.SaveChange();
        var recepieReadDto = _mapper.Map<RecepieReadDto>(recepieModel);
        return CreatedAtRoute(nameof(GetRecepieByID), new { Id = recepieReadDto.ID }, recepieReadDto);
        // return Ok(recepieModel);
    }

Answer 1

you can implement solution like below code ;
1 : Create View model For input Api;

  

 public class RecepieCreateViewModel
        {
    
            public string RecepieName { get; set; }
    
            public List<Ingredient> Ingredient { get; set; }
    
            public int CookingTime { get; set; }
    
            public string Level { get; set; }
    
            public int ServingPerson { get; set; }
    
            public string RecepieAbstration { get; set; }
    
            public string RecepieText { get; set; }
    
            public string NutritionalInformation { get; set; }
    
            public string Tags { get; set; }
    
            public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }
    
            public DateTime ModifiedDate { get; set; }
        }

   

 public class Ingredient
    {
        public string ingredientName { get; set; }
        public string value { get; set; }
        public string measure { get; set; }
    }


2 : Create Dto Model

public class RecepieCreateDto
{

    public string RecepieName { get; set; }

    public string Ingredient { get; set; }

    public int CookingTime { get; set; }

    public string Level { get; set; }

    public int ServingPerson { get; set; }

    public string RecepieAbstration { get; set; }

    public string RecepieText { get; set; }

    public string NutritionalInformation { get; set; }

    public string Tags { get; set; }

    public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }

    public DateTime ModifiedDate { get; set; }

}

3 : Cast Ingredient Model ToJson Object In Api And Create New RecepieCreateDto Like Below Code

  var result=Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(recepieCreateDto.Ingredient);
        

   RecepieCreateDto readDto = new RecepieCreateDto
    {
        CookingTime = recepieCreateDto.CookingTime,
        Level = recepieCreateDto.Level ,
        ModifiedDate = recepieCreateDto.ModifiedDate ,
        NutritionalInformation = recepieCreateDto.NutritionalInformation ,
        RecepieAbstration = recepieCreateDto.RecepieAbstration ,
        RecepieName = recepieCreateDto.RecepieName ,
        RecepieText = recepieCreateDto.RecepieText ,
        ServingPerson = recepieCreateDto.ServingPerson ,
        CreateDate = recepieCreateDto.CreateDate ,
        Tags = recepieCreateDto.Tags ,
        Ingredient=result,

    };

Answer 2

在 RecepieCreateDto 类成分是一个字符串，但在您的请求 json 成分是一个数组。 所以将 RecepieCreateD 更改为类或请求 json。

"[{\"ingredientName\": \"43243\", \"value\": \"33\", \"measure\": \"\" },{ \"ingredientName\": \"565\" , \"value\": \"3\", \"measure\": \"\" }]"

或

    public IList<Ingredient> Ingredient { get; set; }

Answer 3

您需要为成分属性创建一个类。

public class Ingredient {
    public string IngredientName { get; set; }
    public string Value { get; set; } // This might be an int, you can change this on your purpose.
    public string Measure { get; set; } // This might be an int, you can change this on your purpose.
}

看起来您发布的成分是一个集合类型，所以制作成分列表或任何其他集合类型都可以做到。

public class RecepieCreateDto
{

    public string RecepieName { get; set; }

    //public int MentorID { get; set; }

    public List<Ingredient> Ingredient { get; set; }


    public int CookingTime { get; set; }

    public string Level { get; set; }

    public int ServingPerson { get; set; }

    public string RecepieAbstration { get; set; }

    public string RecepieText { get; set; }

    public string Tags { get; set; }

    public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }

    public DateTime ModifiedDate { get; set; }
}

在这些更改之后，您可能需要对您的 Recepie 模型进行类似的更改。

Answer 4

您正在为成分传递 array，但期望 string。请将成分更改为List<Ingredient>，其中成分是您的新对象，具有名称、值和范围。例如：

 public class Ingredient
{
 [Key]
 int Id {get; set; }
 string IngredientName { get; set; }
 string Value { get; set; }
 string Measure { get; set; }
}

UPDATE：请分别更新DTO模型并在RecepieCreateDto

中使用

 public class IngredientDTO
 {
 string IngredientName { get; set; }
 string Value { get; set; }
 string Measure { get; set; }
 }