我想知道是否有办法列出本地计算机上安装的 SQL Server 实例。
SqlDataSourceEnumerator 和 EnumAvailableSqlServers 不要这样做，因为我不需要本地网络上的实例。
【问题讨论】：
EnumAvailableSqlServers 有一个标志 localOnly，您可以将其设置为 true 以仅在本地计算机上查找 SQL Server 实例
标签： c# sql-server
直接访问 Windows 注册表不是 MS 推荐的解决方案，因为它们可以更改键/路径。但我同意 SmoApplication.EnumAvailableSqlServers() 和 SqlDataSourceEnumerator.Instance 无法在 64 位平台上提供实例。
从 Windows 注册表获取数据，请记住 x86 和 x64 平台之间的注册表访问差异。 64 位版本的 Windows 将数据存储在系统注册表的不同部分，并将它们组合成视图。所以使用 RegistryView 是必不可少的。
using Microsoft.Win32;
RegistryView registryView = Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem ? RegistryView.Registry64 : RegistryView.Registry32;
using (RegistryKey hklm = RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine, registryView))
{
RegistryKey instanceKey = hklm.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\Instance Names\SQL", false);
if (instanceKey != null)
{
foreach (var instanceName in instanceKey.GetValueNames())
{
Console.WriteLine(Environment.MachineName + @"\" + instanceName);
}
}
}
如果您在 64 位操作系统上寻找 32 位实例（很奇怪，但可能），您需要查看：
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server
【讨论】：
您可以使用 localOnly = True 调用 EnumAvailableSQlServers
public static DataTable EnumAvailableSqlServers(bool localOnly)
【讨论】：
SqlDataSourceEnumerator instance = SqlDataSourceEnumerator.Instance;
System.Data.DataTable table = instance.GetDataSources();
foreach (System.Data.DataRow row in table.Rows)
{
if (row["ServerName"] != DBNull.Value && Environment.MachineName.Equals(row["ServerName"].ToString()))
{
string item = string.Empty;
item = row["ServerName"].ToString();
if(row["InstanceName"] != DBNull.Value || !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Convert.ToString(row["InstanceName"]).Trim()))
{
item += @"\" + Convert.ToString(row["InstanceName"]).Trim();
}
listview1.Items.Add(item);
}
}
【讨论】：
您可以使用注册表获取本地系统中的sql server实例名称
private void LoadRegKey()
{
RegistryKey key = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\Instance Names");
foreach (string sk in key.GetSubKeyNames())
{
RegistryKey rkey = key.OpenSubKey(sk);
foreach (string s in rkey.GetValueNames())
{
MessageBox.Show("Sql instance name:"+s);
}
}
}
【讨论】：
结合几种方法：
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Wmi;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Win32;
namespace SqlServerEnumerator
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Dictionary<string, Func<List<string>>> methods = new Dictionary<string, Func<List<string>>>
{
{"CallSqlBrowser", GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByCallingSqlBrowser},
{"CallSqlWmi32", GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByCallingSqlWmi32},
{"CallSqlWmi64", GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByCallingSqlWmi64},
{"ReadRegInstalledInstances", GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByReadingRegInstalledInstances},
{"ReadRegInstanceNames", GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByReadingRegInstanceNames},
{"CallSqlCmd", GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByCallingSqlCmd},
};
Dictionary<string, List<string>> dictionary = methods
.AsParallel()
.ToDictionary(v => v.Key, v => v.Value().OrderBy(n => n, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase).ToList());
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, List<string>> pair in dictionary)
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("~~{0}~~", pair.Key));
pair.Value.ForEach(v => Console.WriteLine(" " + v));
}
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static List<string> GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByCallingSqlBrowser()
{
DataTable dt = SmoApplication.EnumAvailableSqlServers(true);
return dt.Rows.Cast<DataRow>()
.Select(v => v.Field<string>("Name"))
.ToList();
}
private static List<string> GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByCallingSqlWmi32()
{
return LocalSqlServerInstancesByCallingSqlWmi(ProviderArchitecture.Use32bit);
}
private static List<string> GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByCallingSqlWmi64()
{
return LocalSqlServerInstancesByCallingSqlWmi(ProviderArchitecture.Use64bit);
}
private static List<string> LocalSqlServerInstancesByCallingSqlWmi(ProviderArchitecture providerArchitecture)
{
try
{
ManagedComputer managedComputer32 = new ManagedComputer();
managedComputer32.ConnectionSettings.ProviderArchitecture = providerArchitecture;
const string defaultSqlInstanceName = "MSSQLSERVER";
return managedComputer32.ServerInstances.Cast<ServerInstance>()
.Select(v =>
(string.IsNullOrEmpty(v.Name) || string.Equals(v.Name, defaultSqlInstanceName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) ?
v.Parent.Name : string.Format("{0}\\{1}", v.Parent.Name, v.Name))
.OrderBy(v => v, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
.ToList();
}
catch (SmoException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
return new List<string>();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
return new List<string>();
}
}
private static List<string> GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByReadingRegInstalledInstances()
{
try
{
// HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\InstalledInstances
string[] instances = null;
using (RegistryKey rk = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server"))
{
if (rk != null)
{
instances = (string[])rk.GetValue("InstalledInstances");
}
instances = instances ?? new string[] { };
}
return GetLocalSqlServerInstances(instances);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
return new List<string>();
}
}
private static List<string> GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByReadingRegInstanceNames()
{
try
{
// HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\Instance Names\SQL
string[] instances = null;
using (RegistryKey rk = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\Instance Names\SQL"))
{
if (rk != null)
{
instances = rk.GetValueNames();
}
instances = instances ?? new string[] { };
}
return GetLocalSqlServerInstances(instances);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
return new List<string>();
}
}
private static List<string> GetLocalSqlServerInstances(string[] instanceNames)
{
string machineName = Environment.MachineName;
const string defaultSqlInstanceName = "MSSQLSERVER";
return instanceNames
.Select(v =>
(string.IsNullOrEmpty(v) || string.Equals(v, defaultSqlInstanceName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) ?
machineName : string.Format("{0}\\{1}", machineName, v))
.ToList();
}
private static List<string> GetLocalSqlServerInstancesByCallingSqlCmd()
{
try
{
// SQLCMD -L
int exitCode;
string output;
CaptureConsoleAppOutput("SQLCMD.exe", "-L", 200, out exitCode, out output);
if (exitCode == 0)
{
string machineName = Environment.MachineName;
return output.Split(new[] { "\r\n", "\r", "\n" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
.Select(v => v.Trim())
.Where(v => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(v))
.Where(v => string.Equals(v, "(local)", StringComparison.Ordinal) || v.StartsWith(machineName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
.Select(v => string.Equals(v, "(local)", StringComparison.Ordinal) ? machineName : v)
.Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
.ToList();
}
return new List<string>();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
return new List<string>();
}
}
private static void CaptureConsoleAppOutput(string exeName, string arguments, int timeoutMilliseconds, out int exitCode, out string output)
{
using (Process process = new Process())
{
process.StartInfo.FileName = exeName;
process.StartInfo.Arguments = arguments;
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
process.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
process.Start();
output = process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
bool exited = process.WaitForExit(timeoutMilliseconds);
if (exited)
{
exitCode = process.ExitCode;
}
else
{
exitCode = -1;
}
}
}
}
}
【讨论】：
public static string SetServer()
{
string serverName = @".\SQLEXPRESS";
var serverNameList = SqlHelper.ListLocalSqlInstances();
if (serverNameList != null)
{
foreach (var item in serverNameList)
serverName = @"" + item;
}
return serverName;
}
获取本地服务器名称
【讨论】：