Java 1.8 Maven + Hibernate + MySQL 示例（XML 映射）

Question

请帮助修复错误：

'java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hibernate/Session' ...
'A JNI error has occurred, please check your installation and try again
Exception in thread "main"'
[Error in both Git Bash and Eclipse-jee-neon-R-win32-x86_64]

我的环境：

$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_102"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_102-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.102-b14, mixed mode)

$ mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.3.9 (bb52d8502b132ec0a5a3f4c09453c07478323dc5; 2015-11-10T22:11:47+05:30)
Maven home: C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-maven-3.3.9
Java version: 1.8.0_102, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: Cp1252
OS name: "windows 8.1", version: "6.3", arch: "amd64", family: "dos"

这里是sn-p的代码：

MySQL

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS hibernatedb;
CREATE DATABASE hibernatedb;
USE hibernatedb;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stock`;
CREATE TABLE `stock` (
  `STOCK_ID` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `STOCK_CODE` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
  `STOCK_NAME` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`STOCK_ID`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE KEY `UNI_STOCK_NAME` (`STOCK_NAME`),
  UNIQUE KEY `UNI_STOCK_ID` (`STOCK_CODE`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.sample.common</groupId>
  <artifactId>HibernateMavenMySQLXMLSample</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>HibernateMavenMySQLXMLSample</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>

    <!-- JUnit 4.12 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- MySQL database driver -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.9</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Hibernate framework -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate</artifactId>
      <version>3.2.3.ga</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Hibernate library dependecy start -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>dom4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.6.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
      <version>3.2.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>cglib</groupId>
      <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
      <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>
      <artifactId>jta</artifactId>
      <version>1.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Hibernate library dependecy end -->

  </dependencies>

</project>

src/main/resources/com/sample/common/Stock.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.sample.common.Stock" table="stock" catalog="sample">
        <id name="stockId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="STOCK_ID" />
            <generator class="identity" />
        </id>
        <property name="stockCode" type="string">
            <column name="STOCK_CODE" length="10" not-null="true" unique="true" />
        </property>
        <property name="stockName" type="string">
            <column name="STOCK_NAME" length="20" not-null="true" unique="true" />
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

src/main/java/com/sample/common/Stock.java

package com.sample.common;

/**
 * Model class for Stock
 */
public class Stock implements java.io.Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Integer stockId;
    private String stockCode;
    private String stockName;

    public Stock() {
    }

    public Stock(String stockCode, String stockName) {
        this.stockCode = stockCode;
        this.stockName = stockName;
    }

    public Integer getStockId() {
        return this.stockId;
    }

    public void setStockId(Integer stockId) {
        this.stockId = stockId;
    }

    public String getStockCode() {
        return this.stockCode;
    }

    public void setStockCode(String stockCode) {
        this.stockCode = stockCode;
    }

    public String getStockName() {
        return this.stockName;
    }

    public void setStockName(String stockName) {
        this.stockName = stockName;
    }

}

src/main/resources/hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="hibernate.bytecode.use_reflection_optimizer">false</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password">***********</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernatedb</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <mapping resource="com/sample/common/Stock.hbm.xml"></mapping>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

src/main/java/com/sample/persistence/HibernateUtil.java

package com.sample.persistence;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HibernateUtil {

    private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory();

    private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {
        try {
            // Create the SessionFactory from hibernate.cfg.xml
            return new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            // Make sure you log the exception, as it might be swallowed
            System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
        }
    }

    public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
        return sessionFactory;
    }

    public static void shutdown() {
        // Close caches and connection pools
        getSessionFactory().close();
    }

}

# src/main/java/com/sample/common/App.java

package com.sample.common;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import com.sample.persistence.HibernateUtil;

public class App
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        System.out.println("Maven + Hibernate + MySQL");
        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().openSession();

        session.beginTransaction();
        Stock stock = new Stock();

        stock.setStockCode("4715");
        stock.setStockName("GENM");

        session.save(stock);
        session.getTransaction().commit();
    }
}

$ java -cp target/HibernateMavenMySQLXMLSample-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar com.sample.common.App

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hibernate/Session
        at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
        at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.Class.privateGetMethodRecursive(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.Class.getMethod0(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.Class.getMethod(Unknown Source)
        at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.validateMainClass(Unknown Source)
        at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.checkAndLoadMain(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hibernate.Session
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
        at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
        ... 7 more
Error: A JNI error has occurred, please check your installation and try again
Exception in thread "main"

上面的代码和配置有什么问题，尽管构建成功如下：

$ mvn eclipse:eclipse
[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO] Not writing settings - defaults suffice
[INFO] File E:\Working\Java\Hibernate\HibernateMavenMySQLXML\HibernateMavenMySQLXMLSample\.project already exists.
       Additional settings will be preserved, run mvn eclipse:clean if you want old settings to be removed.
[INFO] Wrote Eclipse project for "HibernateMavenMySQLXMLSample" to E:\Working\Java\Hibernate\HibernateMavenMySQLXML\HibernateMavenMySQLXMLSample.
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 05:30 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-11-04T01:07:24+05:30
[INFO] Final Memory: 13M/247M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

$ mvn package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building HibernateMavenMySQLXMLSample 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ HibernateMavenMySQLXMLSample ---

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.sample.common.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.086 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ HibernateMavenMySQLXMLSample ---
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/commons-lang/commons-lang/2.1/commons-lang-2.1.pom
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/commons-lang/commons-lang/2.1/commons-lang-2.1.pom (10 KB at 8.9 KB/sec)
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/classworlds/classworlds/1.1-alpha-2/classworlds-1.1-alpha-2.jar
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-interpolation/1.15/plexus-interpolation-1.15.jar
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-archiver/2.1/plexus-archiver-2.1.jar
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/commons-lang/commons-lang/2.1/commons-lang-2.1.jar
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-io/2.0.2/plexus-io-2.0.2.jar
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-interpolation/1.15/plexus-interpolation-1.15.jar (60 KB at 45.6 KB/sec)
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0/plexus-utils-3.0.jar
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-io/2.0.2/plexus-io-2.0.2.jar (57 KB at 43.6 KB/sec)
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/classworlds/classworlds/1.1-alpha-2/classworlds-1.1-alpha-2.jar (37 KB at 26.6 KB/sec)
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/commons-lang/commons-lang/2.1/commons-lang-2.1.jar (203 KB at 91.7 KB/sec)
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0/plexus-utils-3.0.jar (221 KB at 87.6 KB/sec)
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-archiver/2.1/plexus-archiver-2.1.jar (181 KB at 51.5 KB/sec)
[INFO] Building jar: E:\Working\Java\Hibernate\HibernateMavenMySQLXML\HibernateMavenMySQLXMLSample\target\HibernateMavenMySQLXMLSample-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 01:52 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-11-04T01:09:28+05:30
[INFO] Final Memory: 19M/268M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

谢谢。

Answer 1

您需要在这里生成一个可执行的 jar。这个罐子应该主要包含三样东西。
1. 你的课。
2. 您作为依赖项添加的 jar 中存在的类。
3. 指定主类的清单文件。

使用您拥有的当前 pom.xml，您的工件将只包含您的类。要添加我上面提到的其他两件事，您可以使用Maven Assembly Plugin。
在 pom.xml 的 <project></project> 标记中添加以下代码。

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.6</version>
        <configuration>
          <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
          </descriptorRefs>
          <archive>
            <manifest>
              <mainClass>com.sample.common.App</mainClass>
            </manifest>
          </archive>
        </configuration>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>make-assembly</id> <!-- this is used for inheritance merges -->
            <phase>package</phase> <!-- bind to the packaging phase -->
            <goals>
              <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>  

这将在target 文件夹中生成两个罐子。其中一个将只有您的类，而另一个 jar 将包含我上面提到的所有内容。第二个 jar 将在其名称后附加 jar-with-dependencies。
您应该使用这个 jar 来运行您的应用程序。