Objective-C 和类集群模式

Question

我看了一些关于类簇模式的资料，接下来就明白了：

• 公共集群类只提供接口，没有实际实现，其他类根据不同情况实现；

• 它与抽象工厂模式有一些相似之处：当我们调用方法+classNameWith...时，它可以根据参数选择最合适的子类并返回它。

例如，+[NSNumber numberWithDouble:1.0]，将返回用于存储双精度值的实现。

但我不明白的是：-init... 公共集群类的方法如何工作： [[NSNumber alloc] initWithDouble:1.0]，因为在调用alloc 之后它已经分配了NSNumber 的实例，而不是它的子类。

那么，谁能解释一下公共集群类的alloc-init 方法的实际工作原理，以及具体子类何时实例化并返回？

Answer 1

基本上，您分配的实例可能会被丢弃并替换为不同的实例。从技术上讲，这并不特定于类集群，这就是为什么当您在任何 init 方法中调用 super 时，您需要将结果设置为 self：

self = [super init];

Answer 2

这是 Objective C 的抽象工厂实现。

// Usage
    BrandingFactory * factory = [BrandingFactory factory:Sierra];

    UIView * view = [factory brandedView];

    UIButton * button = [factory brandedMainButton];

    UIToolbar * toolbar = [factory brandedToolbar];
____________________________________________
//  BrandingFactory.h
//  AbstractFactory

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

typedef enum ouputTypes {
    Acme,
    Sierra
} OutputTypes;

@interface BrandingFactory : NSObject 
{

}

+ (BrandingFactory *) factory: (OutputTypes)type;

- (UIView *) brandedView;
- (UIButton *) brandedMainButton;
- (UIToolbar *) brandedToolbar;

@end

___________________________________________________

//  BrandingFactory.m
//  AbstractFactory

#import "BrandingFactory.h"
#import "AcmeBrandingFactory.h"
#import "SierraBrandingFactory.h"


@implementation BrandingFactory

+ (BrandingFactory *) factory:(OutputTypes)type
{
    if (type == Sierra) {
        return [[[SierraBrandingFactory alloc] init] autorelease];
    }
    else if (type == Acme)
    {
        return [[[AcmeBrandingFactory alloc] init] autorelease];
    }
    return nil;

}

- (UIView *) brandedView
{
    return nil;
}

- (UIButton *) brandedMainButton
{
    return nil;
}

- (UIToolbar *) brandedToolbar
{
    return nil;
}

@end

________________________________________

//  SierraBrandingFactory.h
//  AbstractFactory

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "BrandingFactory.h"


@interface SierraBrandingFactory : BrandingFactory
{

}

- (UIView*) brandedView;
- (UIButton*) brandedMainButton;
- (UIToolbar*) brandedToolbar;

@end


//  SierraBrandingFactory.m
//  AbstractFactory

#import "SierraBrandingFactory.h"
#import "SierraView.h"
#import "SierraMainButton.h"
#import "SierraToolbar.h"

@implementation SierraBrandingFactory

- (UIView*) brandedView
{
    // returns a custom view for Sierra
    return [[[SierraView alloc] init] autorelease];
}

- (UIButton*) brandedMainButton
{
    // returns a custom main button for Sierra
    return [[[SierraMainButton alloc] init] autorelease];
}

- (UIToolbar*) brandedToolbar
{
    // returns a custom toolbar for Sierra
    return [[[SierraToolbar alloc] init] autorelease];
}

@end

________________________________________
//  AcmeBrandingFactory.h
//  AbstractFactory


#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "BrandingFactory.h"


@interface AcmeBrandingFactory : BrandingFactory
{

}

- (UIView *) brandedView;
- (UIButton *) brandedMainButton;
- (UIToolbar *) brandedToolbar;

@end


//  AcmeBrandingFactory.m
//  AbstractFactory

#import "AcmeBrandingFactory.h"
#import "AcmeView.h"
#import "AcmeMainButton.h"
#import "AcmeToolbar.h"


@implementation AcmeBrandingFactory

- (UIView *) brandedView
{
    // returns a custom view for Acme
    return [[[AcmeView alloc] init] autorelease];
}

- (UIButton *) brandedMainButton
{
    // returns a custom main button for Acme
    return [[[AcmeMainButton alloc] init] autorelease];
}

- (UIToolbar *) brandedToolbar
{
    // returns a custom toolbar for Acme
    return [[[AcmeToolbar alloc] init] autorelease];
}

@end