序列化/反序列化简单但嵌套的对象到/从 JSON

Question

我正在尝试将配置从客户端传输到服务器。

• 配置包含一个password 密钥，我不能传输
• Config 包含几个简单的对象，它们只是键/值对（其中 value 是基本原语）

此代码有效：

class Empty:
    pass

class Config:
    def __init__(self):
        # don't want to transmit this over the internet
        self.secret = 'P@ssw0rd'

    def create(self, foo):
        self.foo = foo  # property passed in
        self.bar = f'Hello {foo}'  # calculated property

        # A couple of custom objects, but they are simple
        # (only containing key/value pairs where value is basic primitive)
        self.v = Empty()
        self.v.a = 1

        self.w = Empty()
        self.w.b = 2

    def export_json(self):
        J = {}
        for k, v in vars(self).items():
            if k == 'secret':
                continue
            J[k] = vars(v) if isinstance(v, Empty) else v
        return J

    def construct_from_json(self, J_str):
        J = json.loads(J_str)
        for k, v in J.items():
            if isinstance(v, dict):
                _ = Empty()
                for k_, v_ in v.items():
                    setattr(_, k_, v_)
                v = _
            setattr(self, k, v)

Test:

```python
c = Config()
c.create('123')

J = c.export_json()
print('Serialized:')
print(json.dumps(J, indent=4))

d = Config()
d.construct_from_json(J)
print('Reconstructed: w.b = ', d.w.b)

输出：

Serialized:
{
    "foo": "123",
    "bar": "Hello 123",
    "v": {
        "b": 2
    },
    "w": {
        "b": 2
    }
}
Reconstructed: w.b =  2

但是，是否有首选/pythonic 方式来执行此操作？

Answer 1

正如 cmets 中提到的那样，您可能只想在此处使用 pickle 库以避免必须自己序列化/反序列化，并避免将来在添加嵌套时对序列化代码进行重大修改结构/等或想忽略其他属性。这是您的代码的一个版本，它适用于 pickle，但不序列化 secret 属性。

class Empty:
    pass

class Config:
    def __init__(self):
        # don't want to transmit this over the internet
        self.secret = 'P@ssw0rd'

    def create(self, foo):
        self.foo = foo  # property passed in
        self.bar = f'Hello {foo}'  # calculated property

        # A couple of custom objects, but they are simple
        # (only containing key/value pairs where value is basic primitive)
        self.v = Empty()
        self.v.a = 1

        self.w = Empty()
        self.w.b = 2
    
    # This gets the state for pickling. Note how we are explicitly removing
    # the `secret` attribute from the internal dictionary. You don't need to
    # do anything else
    def __getstate__(self):
        state = self.__dict__.copy()
        del state['secret']
        return state

测试一下：

import pickle
c = Config()
c.create('123')

J = pickle.dumps(c)
print("Serialized: ", J)

d = pickle.loads(J)
print("Reconstructed w.b:", d.w.b)
print("Reconstructed secret:", d.secret)

这是它产生的输出（根据需要）：

Serialized:  b'\x80\x04\x95m\x00...(truncated)'
Reconstructed w.b: 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/mustafa/scratch/test.py", line 36, in <module>
    print("Reconstructed secret:", d.secret)
AttributeError: 'Config' object has no attribute 'secret'