多个列表的python组合

Question

是否有任何 pythonic 方法来生成多个列表之间的组合？ （类似于笛卡尔积但更复杂）

例子：

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [4, 5, 6]
c = [7, 8, 9]
# ...
# there are more than 3 lists

预期输出：

1. [(1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 8), (3, 6, 9)]
2. [(1, 4, 8), (2, 5, 7), (3, 6, 9)]
3. [(1, 4, 9), (2, 5, 7), (3, 6, 8)]
4. [(1, 5, 7), (2, 4, 8), (3, 6, 9)]
5. ...

更新：

感谢您的快速回复~！！

澄清问题：

结果是列表a、b、c的笛卡尔积的所有非重复组合。

可以通过另一种丑陋的方法来完成：

1) 生成笛卡尔积的整个列表

from itertools import product, combinations, chain
t = list(product(a, b, c))

2) 使用组合产生所有可能的结果

p = list(combinations(t, 3))

3) 过滤重复条件

cnt = len(list(chain(a, b, c)))
f = [x for x in p if len(set(chain(*x))) == cnt]

更新2：

丑陋的方法产生的预期结果：

((1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 8), (3, 6, 9))
((1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 9), (3, 6, 8))
((1, 4, 7), (2, 6, 8), (3, 5, 9))
((1, 4, 7), (2, 6, 9), (3, 5, 8))
((1, 4, 8), (2, 5, 7), (3, 6, 9))
((1, 4, 8), (2, 5, 9), (3, 6, 7))
((1, 4, 8), (2, 6, 7), (3, 5, 9))
((1, 4, 8), (2, 6, 9), (3, 5, 7))
((1, 4, 9), (2, 5, 7), (3, 6, 8))
((1, 4, 9), (2, 5, 8), (3, 6, 7))
((1, 4, 9), (2, 6, 7), (3, 5, 8))
((1, 4, 9), (2, 6, 8), (3, 5, 7))
((1, 5, 7), (2, 4, 8), (3, 6, 9))
((1, 5, 7), (2, 4, 9), (3, 6, 8))
((1, 5, 7), (2, 6, 8), (3, 4, 9))
((1, 5, 7), (2, 6, 9), (3, 4, 8))
((1, 5, 8), (2, 4, 7), (3, 6, 9))
((1, 5, 8), (2, 4, 9), (3, 6, 7))
((1, 5, 8), (2, 6, 7), (3, 4, 9))
((1, 5, 8), (2, 6, 9), (3, 4, 7))
((1, 5, 9), (2, 4, 7), (3, 6, 8))
((1, 5, 9), (2, 4, 8), (3, 6, 7))
((1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 7), (3, 4, 8))
((1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 8), (3, 4, 7))
((1, 6, 7), (2, 4, 8), (3, 5, 9))
((1, 6, 7), (2, 4, 9), (3, 5, 8))
((1, 6, 7), (2, 5, 8), (3, 4, 9))
((1, 6, 7), (2, 5, 9), (3, 4, 8))
((1, 6, 8), (2, 4, 7), (3, 5, 9))
((1, 6, 8), (2, 4, 9), (3, 5, 7))
((1, 6, 8), (2, 5, 7), (3, 4, 9))
((1, 6, 8), (2, 5, 9), (3, 4, 7))
((1, 6, 9), (2, 4, 7), (3, 5, 8))
((1, 6, 9), (2, 4, 8), (3, 5, 7))
((1, 6, 9), (2, 5, 7), (3, 4, 8))
((1, 6, 9), (2, 5, 8), (3, 4, 7))

Answer 1

你想要的不是组合，而是排列。 3 个元素有 6 个排列，2 组排列的笛卡尔积有 36 个。PM 2Ring 最初怀疑你想要所有这 3 个排列，因为你的问题没有说明。如果您的问题中的代码产生了所需的输出，则意味着您希望 b 和 c 置换而不是 a。最初，我编写了计算所有a、b 和c 的排列的代码。然而，由于a 不需要被置换，我们只需将其包装在一个列表中。这使我们非常接近所需的输出：

import itertools as it

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [4, 5, 6]
c = [7, 8, 9]

for i in it.product([tuple(a)], it.permutations(b), it.permutations(c)):
    print(i)

输出以

开头的36行

((1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9))
((1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 9, 8))
((1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (8, 7, 9))

它已经与您想要的几乎相同的格式，但索引已转置，因此o[x][y] 将匹配您所需输出的o[y][x]。我们使用一些zip magic 来转置它们。另外，此函数现在适用于任意数量的参数：

import itertools as it

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [4, 5, 6]
c = [7, 8, 9]

def funnyperms(first, *rest):
    for i in it.product([first], *(it.permutations(j) for j in rest)):
        yield tuple(zip(*i))

for i in funnyperms(a, b, c):
    print(i)

输出是

((1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 8), (3, 6, 9))
((1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 9), (3, 6, 8))
((1, 4, 8), (2, 5, 7), (3, 6, 9))
((1, 4, 8), (2, 5, 9), (3, 6, 7))
((1, 4, 9), (2, 5, 7), (3, 6, 8))
((1, 4, 9), (2, 5, 8), (3, 6, 7))
((1, 4, 7), (2, 6, 8), (3, 5, 9))
((1, 4, 7), (2, 6, 9), (3, 5, 8))
((1, 4, 8), (2, 6, 7), (3, 5, 9))
((1, 4, 8), (2, 6, 9), (3, 5, 7))
((1, 4, 9), (2, 6, 7), (3, 5, 8))
((1, 4, 9), (2, 6, 8), (3, 5, 7))
((1, 5, 7), (2, 4, 8), (3, 6, 9))
((1, 5, 7), (2, 4, 9), (3, 6, 8))
((1, 5, 8), (2, 4, 7), (3, 6, 9))
((1, 5, 8), (2, 4, 9), (3, 6, 7))
((1, 5, 9), (2, 4, 7), (3, 6, 8))
((1, 5, 9), (2, 4, 8), (3, 6, 7))
((1, 5, 7), (2, 6, 8), (3, 4, 9))
((1, 5, 7), (2, 6, 9), (3, 4, 8))
((1, 5, 8), (2, 6, 7), (3, 4, 9))
((1, 5, 8), (2, 6, 9), (3, 4, 7))
((1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 7), (3, 4, 8))
((1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 8), (3, 4, 7))
((1, 6, 7), (2, 4, 8), (3, 5, 9))
((1, 6, 7), (2, 4, 9), (3, 5, 8))
((1, 6, 8), (2, 4, 7), (3, 5, 9))
((1, 6, 8), (2, 4, 9), (3, 5, 7))
((1, 6, 9), (2, 4, 7), (3, 5, 8))
((1, 6, 9), (2, 4, 8), (3, 5, 7))
((1, 6, 7), (2, 5, 8), (3, 4, 9))
((1, 6, 7), (2, 5, 9), (3, 4, 8))
((1, 6, 8), (2, 5, 7), (3, 4, 9))
((1, 6, 8), (2, 5, 9), (3, 4, 7))
((1, 6, 9), (2, 5, 7), (3, 4, 8))
((1, 6, 9), (2, 5, 8), (3, 4, 7))

将这些存储到一个集合中并与您的方法产生的值进行比较证明它们具有相同的输出：

print(set(funnyperms(a, b, c)) == set(f))

打印True，Q.E.D.

Answer 2

您可以将 itertools 中的产品用于所有组合

>>> from itertools import product
>>> a = [1, 2, 3]
>>> b = [4, 5, 6]
>>> c = [7, 8, 9]
>>> A = [a,b,c]
>>> prod = list(product(*A))
>>> print(prod)

预期输出：

[(1, 4, 7), (1, 4, 8), (1, 4, 9), (1, 5, 7), (1, 5, 8), (1, 5, 9), (1, 6, 7), (1, 6, 8), (1, 6, 9), (2, 4, 7), (2, 4, 8), (2, 4, 9), (2, 5, 7), (2, 5, 8), (2, 5, 9), (2, 6, 7), (2, 6, 8), (2, 6, 9), (3, 4, 7), (3, 4, 8), (3, 4, 9), (3, 5, 7), (3, 5, 8), (3, 5, 9), (3, 6, 7), (3, 6, 8), (3, 6, 9)]