抓取页面返回 200，稍后检查该页面返回 403

Question

我正在使用 Scrapy 抓取一些网站以发布招聘信息。如果网站上的页面符合我的要求，我会将指向该页面的链接存储在数据库中。那里没有问题。我还创建了一个脚本，它遍历数据库中的每个链接并 ping URL。如果它返回 404，它将被删除。我遇到的问题是某些网站在我进行删除检查时返回 403 错误。奇怪的是，它们都允许抓取，但它们阻止了检查。这是我用来进行删除检查的脚本：

from pymongo import MongoClient
import requests
import urllib3
from operator import itemgetter
import random
import time


client = MongoClient("path-to-mongo")
db = client["mongoDB"]
col = db['mongoCollection']
openings = list(col.find())
sorted_openings = sorted(openings, key=itemgetter('Company'))
del_counter = 0
user_agents = ["Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
               "Mozilla/5.0 CK={} (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.121 Safari/537.36",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.157 Safari/537.36",
               "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
               "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko)",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko)",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_4) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko)",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_4) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/13.1 Safari/605.1.15",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/603.3.8 (KHTML, like Gecko)"]
headers = {"User-Agent": user_agents[random.randint(0,11)]}
counter = 0
del_counter = 0
passed_counter = 0
deleted_links = []
passed_links = []
forbidden = []

for item in sorted_openings:
    try:
        if requests.get(item['Link'], allow_redirects=False, verify=False, headers=headers).status_code == 200:
            print(str(requests.get(item['Link'])) + ' ' + item['Link'])
            counter += 1
            print(counter)
        elif requests.get(item['Link'], allow_redirects=False, verify=False, headers=headers).status_code == 304:
            print(requests.get(item['Link']))
            counter += 1
            print(counter)
        elif requests.get(item['Link'], allow_redirects=False, verify=False, headers=headers).status_code == 403:
            forbidden.append(item['Link'])
            print(requests.get(item['Link']))
            counter += 1
            print(counter)
        else:
            db.openings.remove(item)
            deleted_links.append(item['Link'])
            del_counter += 1
            counter += 1
            print('Deleted ' + item['Link'])
            print(counter)
    except:
        pass
        passed_links.append(item['Link'])
        passed_counter += 1
        counter += 1
        print('Passed link ' + item['Link'])
        print(counter)

Answer 1

您在每个条件下发送请求，发送一个请求并将结果存储在一个值中，然后检查条件。

from pymongo import MongoClient
import requests
import urllib3
from operator import itemgetter
import random
import time


client = MongoClient("path-to-mongo")
db = client["mongoDB"]
col = db['mongoCollection']
openings = list(col.find())
sorted_openings = sorted(openings, key=itemgetter('Company'))
del_counter = 0
user_agents = ["Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
               "Mozilla/5.0 CK={} (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.121 Safari/537.36",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.157 Safari/537.36",
               "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
               "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko)",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko)",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_4) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko)",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_4) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/13.1 Safari/605.1.15",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/603.3.8 (KHTML, like Gecko)"]
headers = {"User-Agent": user_agents[random.randint(0,11)]}
counter = 0
del_counter = 0
passed_counter = 0
deleted_links = []
passed_links = []
forbidden = []

for item in sorted_openings:
    try:
        response = requests.get(item['Link'], allow_redirects=False, verify=False, headers=headers)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            print(str(response) + ' ' + item['Link'])
            counter += 1
            print(counter)
        elif response.status_code == 304:
            print(response)
            counter += 1
            print(counter)
        elif response.status_code == 403:
            forbidden.append(item['Link'])
            print(response))
            counter += 1
            print(counter)
        else:
            db.openings.remove(item)
            deleted_links.append(item['Link'])
            del_counter += 1
            counter += 1
            print('Deleted ' + item['Link'])
            print(counter)
    except:
        passed_links.append(item['Link'])
        passed_counter += 1
        counter += 1
        print('Passed link ' + item['Link'])
        print(counter)