这是我和其他人所谈论内容的完整实现。请注意，通过使用索引字典，您将使用更多内存（仅对节点的引用）以换取更快的搜索。我正在使用事件来动态更新索引。
编辑：添加了 cmets 并修复了一些问题。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Reflection;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Create the root node for the tree
MyNode rootNode = new MyNode { Code = "abc", Description = "abc node" };
// Instantiate a new tree with the given root node. string is the index key type, "Code" is the index property name
var tree = new IndexedTree<MyNode, string>("Code", rootNode);
// Add a child to the root node
tree.Root.AddChild(new MyNode { Code = "def", Description = "def node" });
MyNode newNode = new MyNode { Code = "foo", Description = "foo node" };
// Add a child to the first child of root
tree.Root.Children[0].AddChild(newNode);
// Add a child to the previously added node
newNode.AddChild(new MyNode { Code = "bar", Description = "bar node" });
// Show the full tree
Console.WriteLine("Root node tree:");
PrintNodeTree(tree.Root, 0);
Console.WriteLine();
// Find the second level node
MyNode foundNode = tree.FindNode("def");
if (foundNode != null)
{
// Show the tree starting from the found node
Console.WriteLine("Found node tree:");
PrintNodeTree(foundNode, 0);
}
// Remove the last child
foundNode = tree.FindNode("foo");
TreeNodeBase nodeToRemove = foundNode.Children[0];
foundNode.RemoveChild(nodeToRemove);
// Add a child to this removed node. The tree index is not updated.
nodeToRemove.AddChild(new MyNode { Code = "blah", Description = "blah node" });
Console.ReadLine();
}
static void PrintNodeTree(MyNode node, int level)
{
Console.WriteLine(new String(' ', level * 2) + "[" + node.Code + "] " + node.Description);
foreach (MyNode child in node.Children)
{
// Recurse through each child
PrintNodeTree(child, ++level);
}
}
}
public class NodeEventArgs : EventArgs
{
public TreeNodeBase Node { get; private set; }
public bool Cancel { get; set; }
public NodeEventArgs(TreeNodeBase node)
{
this.Node = node;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// The base node class that handles the hierarchy
/// </summary>
public abstract class TreeNodeBase
{
/// <summary>
/// A read-only list of children so that you are forced to use the proper methods
/// </summary>
public ReadOnlyCollection<TreeNodeBase> Children
{
get { return new ReadOnlyCollection<TreeNodeBase>(this.children); }
}
private IList<TreeNodeBase> children;
/// <summary>
/// Default constructor
/// </summary>
public TreeNodeBase()
: this(new List<TreeNodeBase>())
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor that populates children
/// </summary>
/// <param name="children">A list of children</param>
public TreeNodeBase(IList<TreeNodeBase> children)
{
if (children == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("children");
}
this.children = children;
}
public event EventHandler<NodeEventArgs> ChildAdding;
public event EventHandler<NodeEventArgs> ChildRemoving;
protected virtual void OnChildAdding(NodeEventArgs e)
{
if (this.ChildAdding != null)
{
this.ChildAdding(this, e);
}
}
protected virtual void OnChildRemoving(NodeEventArgs e)
{
if (this.ChildRemoving != null)
{
this.ChildRemoving(this, e);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds a child node to the current node
/// </summary>
/// <param name="child">The child to add.</param>
/// <returns>The child node, if it was added. Useful for chaining methods.</returns>
public TreeNodeBase AddChild(TreeNodeBase child)
{
NodeEventArgs eventArgs = new NodeEventArgs(child);
this.OnChildAdding(eventArgs);
if (eventArgs.Cancel)
{
return null;
}
this.children.Add(child);
return child;
}
/// <summary>
/// Removes the specified child in the current node
/// </summary>
/// <param name="child">The child to remove.</param>
public void RemoveChild(TreeNodeBase child)
{
NodeEventArgs eventArgs = new NodeEventArgs(child);
this.OnChildRemoving(eventArgs);
if (eventArgs.Cancel)
{
return;
}
this.children.Remove(child);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Your custom node with custom properties. The base node class handles the tree structure.
/// </summary>
public class MyNode : TreeNodeBase
{
public string Code { get; set; }
public string Description { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// The main tree class
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TNode">The node type.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TIndexKey">The type of the index key.</typeparam>
public class IndexedTree<TNode, TIndexKey> where TNode : TreeNodeBase, new()
{
public TNode Root { get; private set; }
public Dictionary<TIndexKey, TreeNodeBase> Index { get; private set; }
public string IndexProperty { get; private set; }
public IndexedTree(string indexProperty, TNode rootNode)
{
// Make sure we have a valid indexProperty
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(indexProperty))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("indexProperty");
}
Type nodeType = rootNode.GetType();
PropertyInfo property = nodeType.GetProperty(indexProperty);
if (property == null)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The [" + indexProperty + "] property does not exist in [" + nodeType.FullName + "].", "indexProperty");
}
// Make sure we have a valid root node
if (rootNode == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("rootNode");
}
// Set the index properties
this.IndexProperty = indexProperty;
this.Index = new Dictionary<TIndexKey, TreeNodeBase>();
// Add the root node
this.Root = rootNode;
// Notify that we have added the root node
this.ChildAdding(this, new NodeEventArgs(Root));
}
/// <summary>
/// Find a node with the specified key value
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key">The node key value</param>
/// <returns>A TNode if found, otherwise null</returns>
public TNode FindNode(TIndexKey key)
{
if (Index.ContainsKey(key))
{
return (TNode)Index[key];
}
return null;
}
private void ChildAdding(object sender, NodeEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Node.Children.Count > 0)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("You can only add nodes that don't have children");
// Alternatively, you could recursively get the children, set up the added/removed events and add to the index
}
// Add to the index. Add events as soon as possible to be notified when children change.
e.Node.ChildAdding += new EventHandler<NodeEventArgs>(ChildAdding);
e.Node.ChildRemoving += new EventHandler<NodeEventArgs>(ChildRemoving);
Index.Add(this.GetNodeIndex(e.Node), e.Node);
}
private void ChildRemoving(object sender, NodeEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Node.Children.Count > 0)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("You can only remove leaf nodes that don't have children");
// Alternatively, you could recursively get the children, remove the events and remove from the index
}
// Remove from the index. Remove events in case user code keeps reference to this node and later adds/removes children
e.Node.ChildAdding -= new EventHandler<NodeEventArgs>(ChildAdding);
e.Node.ChildRemoving -= new EventHandler<NodeEventArgs>(ChildRemoving);
Index.Remove(this.GetNodeIndex(e.Node));
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the index key value for the given node
/// </summary>
/// <param name="node">The node</param>
/// <returns>The index key value</returns>
private TIndexKey GetNodeIndex(TreeNodeBase node)
{
TIndexKey key = (TIndexKey)node.GetType().GetProperty(this.IndexProperty).GetValue(node, null);
if (key == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("The node index property [" + this.IndexProperty + "] cannot be null", this.IndexProperty);
}
return key;
}
}
}