如何在 Python 中打印一棵树？

Question

我有以下代表树节点的类：

class Node:
    def __init__(self, name, parent=None):
        self.name = name
        self.parent = parent
        self.children = []
        # ...

        if parent:
            self.parent.children.append(self)

如何打印这样的树？

Answer 1

这是我的解决方案：

def print_tree(current_node, indent="", last='updown'):

    nb_children = lambda node: sum(nb_children(child) for child in node.children) + 1
    size_branch = {child: nb_children(child) for child in current_node.children}

    """ Creation of balanced lists for "up" branch and "down" branch. """
    up = sorted(current_node.children, key=lambda node: nb_children(node))
    down = []
    while up and sum(size_branch[node] for node in down) < sum(size_branch[node] for node in up):
        down.append(up.pop())

    """ Printing of "up" branch. """
    for child in up:     
        next_last = 'up' if up.index(child) is 0 else ''
        next_indent = '{0}{1}{2}'.format(indent, ' ' if 'up' in last else '│', " " * len(current_node.name))
        print_tree(child, indent=next_indent, last=next_last)

    """ Printing of current node. """
    if last == 'up': start_shape = '┌'
    elif last == 'down': start_shape = '└'
    elif last == 'updown': start_shape = ' '
    else: start_shape = '├'

    if up: end_shape = '┤'
    elif down: end_shape = '┐'
    else: end_shape = ''

    print '{0}{1}{2}{3}'.format(indent, start_shape, current_node.name, end_shape)

    """ Printing of "down" branch. """
    for child in down:
        next_last = 'down' if down.index(child) is len(down) - 1 else ''
        next_indent = '{0}{1}{2}'.format(indent, ' ' if 'down' in last else '│', " " * len(current_node.name))
        print_tree(child, indent=next_indent, last=next_last)

使用示例：

shame = Node("shame")

conscience = Node("conscience", shame)
selfdisgust = Node("selfdisgust", shame)
embarrassment = Node("embarrassment", shame)

selfconsciousness = Node("selfconsciousness", embarrassment)
shamefacedness = Node("shamefacedness", embarrassment)
chagrin = Node("chagrin", embarrassment)
discomfiture = Node("discomfiture", embarrassment)
abashment = Node("abashment", embarrassment)
confusion = Node("confusion", embarrassment)

print_tree(shame)

这是输出：

     ┌conscience
     ├self-disgust
shame┤
     │             ┌self-consciousness
     │             ├shamefacedness
     │             ├chagrin
     └embarrassment┤
                   ├discomfiture
                   ├abashment
                   └confusion

更新：

我在 PyPi 上推送了a more complete solution。