【发布时间】:2020-03-08 20:37:50
【问题描述】:
我知道还有很多类似的问题,但我一直无法找到我的解决方案。我敢肯定这很简单,我只是不太了解指针。我正在尝试实现数据树结构,代码如下:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//************************************************************************************
// GLROW CLASS
//************************************************************************************
template <class DT>
class GLRow; //class prototype
template <class DT>
ostream& operator <<(ostream& s, GLRow<DT>& oneGLRow);
template <class DT>
class GLRow {
friend ostream& operator<< <DT>(ostream& s, GLRow<DT>& oneGLRow);
protected:
DT* _Info;
int _Next;
int _Down;
public:
GLRow ();
GLRow (const DT& newInfo);
GLRow (const GLRow<DT>& anotherOne);
GLRow<DT>& operator= (const GLRow<DT>& anotherOne); //Make sure you do $
int getNext();
int getDown();
DT& getInfo() const;
int setNext(int n);
int setDown(int d);
int setInfo (const DT& x);
~GLRow(); //destructor
};
//************************************************************************************
// ARRAYGLL CLASS
//************************************************************************************
template <class DT>
class ArrayGLL; //class prototype
template <class DT>
ostream& operator <<(ostream& s, ArrayGLL<DT>& oneGLL);
template <class DT>
class ArrayGLL {
friend ostream& operator<< <DT>(ostream& s, ArrayGLL<DT>& OneGLL);
protected:
GLRow<DT>* myGLL;
int maxSize; //Maximum size of the array$
int firstElement;
int firstFree;
public:
ArrayGLL ();
ArrayGLL (int size);
ArrayGLL (ArrayGLL<DT>& anotherOne);
ArrayGLL<DT>& operator= (ArrayGLL<DT>& anotherOne);
void display (); //display in parenthesis fo$
int find (DT& key); //return the index position$
void findDisplayPath (DT& Key); // as you travel through th$
int noFree (); //return the number of free$
int size (); //return the number of elem$
int parentPos(DT& Key); // provide the location of $
GLRow<DT>& operator [] (int pos); //return the GLRow that is $
int getFirstFree();
int getFirstElement();
void setFirstFree (int pos);
void setFirstElement (int pos);
~ArrayGLL (); //destructor
};
//************************************************************************************
// GLROW CLASS DEFINITIONS
//************************************************************************************
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class DT>
GLRow<DT>::GLRow()
{
_Info = nullptr;
_Next;
_Down;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class DT>
GLRow<DT>::GLRow(const DT &newInfo)
{
_Info = newInfo;
_Next;
_Down;
}
template <class DT>
GLRow<DT>::GLRow(const GLRow<DT> & anotherOne)
{
_Info = anotherOne._Info;
_Next = anotherOne._Next;
_Down = anotherOne._Down;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class DT>
GLRow<DT> & GLRow<DT>::operator=(const GLRow<DT> &anotherOne)
{
_Info = anotherOne._Info;
_Next = anotherOne._Next;
_Down = anotherOne._Down;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class DT>
int GLRow<DT>::getNext()
{
return _Next;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class DT>
int GLRow<DT>::getDown()
{
return _Down;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class DT>
DT & GLRow<DT>::getInfo() const
{
return _Info;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class DT>
int GLRow<DT>::setNext(int n)
{
_Next = n;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class DT>
int GLRow<DT>::setDown(int d)
{
_Down =d;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class DT>
int GLRow<DT>::setInfo(const DT &x)
{
_Info = x;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <class DT>
GLRow<DT>::~GLRow()
{
_Next = -1;
_Down = -1;
delete _Info;
}
我收到了错误:
In file included from main.cpp:3:0:
tree.cpp: In instantiation of ‘GLRow<DT>::GLRow(const DT&) [with DT = int]’:
main.cpp:10:21: required from here
tree.cpp:102:9: error: invalid conversion from ‘int’ to ‘int*’ [-fpermissive]
_Info = newInfo;
^
make: *** [main.o] Error 1
我只是不明白为什么这是一个转换错误,因为 _Info 是一个指针,我将 newInfo 的地址传递给函数?我相信这非常简单,在此先感谢!
【问题讨论】:
-
我确定有一个副本,但我在一分钟内找不到它。你没有传递一个指针。你正在传递一个参考。 C++ 中的
&被重载来做几件事情,这就是,imo,对初学者来说非常困惑。newInfo是对 int 的 reference。这很可能在机器代码级别实现为指针传递,但 C++ 中的变量本身被视为非指针类型(即int) -
我的理解是我会分配一个指向引用的指针。这就是为什么我不明白将_Info 分配给newInfo 的问题? _Info 是指针,newInfo 是引用?
-
引用是语法糖(无耻地从上面的链接中窃取),它让我们通过 reference 传递值,而无需处理指针。它们提供了指针的好处,但充当了实际的数据类型。就好像您正在尝试执行
int a = 5 ; int* p_a = a;那样(我希望显然)无法编译。 -
我想我明白了,但是如果不是_info = newInfo,我应该如何格式化呢?