时间戳列上的 MySQL 索引不用于大日期范围

Question

我有桌子

+-------------------+----------------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field             | Type           | Null | Key | Default             | Extra                       |
+-------------------+----------------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| id                | bigint(20)     | NO   | PRI | NULL                | auto_increment              |
| runtime_id        | bigint(20)     | NO   | MUL | NULL                |                             |
| place_id          | bigint(20)     | NO   | MUL | NULL                |                             |
| amended_timestamp | varchar(50)    | YES  |     | NULL                |                             |
| applicable_at     | timestamp      | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP   | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
| schedule_time     | timestamp      | NO   | MUL | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |                             |
| quality_indicator | varchar(10)    | NO   |     | NULL                |                             |
| flow_rate         | decimal(15,10) | NO   |     | NULL                |                             |
+-------------------+----------------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------------+

我在 schedule_time 上有索引

create index table_index on table(schedule_time asc);

该表目前有 2121552+ 条记录。

我不明白的是当我解释时

explain select runtime_id from table where schedule_time >= now() - INTERVAL 1 DAY;
+----+-------------+----------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table    | type  | possible_keys                | key                          | key_len | ref  | rows  | Extra       |
+----+-------------+----------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | table    | range | table_index                  | table_index                  | 4       | NULL | 38088 | Using where |
+----+-------------+----------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

使用上面的索引，但不使用下面的。

mysql> explain select runtime_id from table where schedule_time >= now() - INTERVAL 30 DAY;
+----+-------------+----------+------+------------------------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table    | type | possible_keys                | key  | key_len | ref  | rows    | Extra       |
+----+-------------+----------+------+------------------------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | table    | ALL  | table_index                  | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 2118107 | Using where |
+----+-------------+----------+------+------------------------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如果有人能指出这里有什么问题，我将不胜感激，因为数据每 12 分钟更新一次，并且随着时间的流逝，查询 30 天或可能是 60 天会变得非常慢。

我打算使用它的最终查询如下

select avg(flow_rate),c.group from table a ,(select runtime_id from table where schedule_time >= now() - INTERVAL 1 DAY group by schedule_time ) b,place c  where a.runtime_id = b.runtime_id and a.place_id = c.id group by c.group;

更新 =====>

根据 cmets 之间的失败也失败了。

mysql> explain select runtime_id from table where schedule_time between '2013-07-17 12:48:00' and '2013-08-17 12:48:00';
+----+-------------+----------+------+------------------------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table    | type | possible_keys                | key  | key_len | ref  | rows    | Extra       |
+----+-------------+----------+------+------------------------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | table    | ALL  | table_index                  | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 2118431 | Using where |
+----+-------------+----------+------+------------------------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> explain select runtime_id from table where schedule_time between '2013-08-16 12:48:00' and '2013-08-17 12:48:00';
+----+-------------+----------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table    | type  | possible_keys                | key                          | key_len | ref  | rows  | Extra       |
+----+-------------+----------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | table    | range | table_index                  | table_index                  | 4       | NULL | 38770 | Using where |
+----+-------------+----------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

更新 2 =======>

mysql> select count(*) from table where schedule_time between '2013-08-16 12:48:00' and '2013-08-17 12:48:00';
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|    19440 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select count(*) from table where schedule_time between '2013-07-17 12:48:00' and '2013-08-17 12:48:00';
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|   597132 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

服务器版本：5.5.24-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Answer 1

MySQL 优化器尝试做最快的事情。如果它认为使用索引将花费与执行表扫描一样长或更长的时间，它就会放弃可用的索引。

这就是您在示例中看到的：

• 如果范围较小（1 天），索引会更快；
• 如果范围很大，您将访问更多的表，您不妨直接扫描表（请记住，使用索引涉及搜索索引，然后从表中获取索引记录 -两组搜索）。

如果你认为你比优化器更了解（它并不完美），use INDEX hints:

USE INDEX (index_list) 提示告诉 MySQL 只使用其中一个 命名索引来查找表中的行。替代语法 IGNORE INDEX (index_list) 告诉 MySQL 不要使用某些特定的索引或 索引。如果 EXPLAIN 显示 MySQL 正在使用这些提示，这些提示很有用 可能索引列表中的错误索引。