如何在 asp.net core 中为身份库配置电子邮件发送？

Question

在 ASP.NET 中，根据我自己的回答 here，在 App_Start 文件夹中的 IdentityConfig.cs 中为 Identity 配置电子邮件。

ASP.NET Core 身份is now a library。并且默认情况下不包含此 IdentityConfig.cs 文件。那么如何配置电子邮件发送，例如注册确认？

Answer 1

根据https://medium.com/@MisterKevin_js/enabling-email-verification-in-asp-net-core-identity-ui-2-1-b87f028a97e0

ASP.NET Core 2 很大程度上依赖于依赖注入。 身份库的 RegisterModel（以及其他依赖于电子邮件的模型）具有以下字段：

private readonly IEmailSender _emailSender;

你只需要使用 Startup.cs 的 ConfigureServices 方法注入一个自己实现的 IEmailSender：

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        ...

        services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, EmailSender>();
    }

您可以在项目中名为 Services 的文件夹中定义此 EmailSender 类：

一个可能的实现是：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UI.Services;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Mail;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace YourProject.Services
{
    public class EmailSender : IEmailSender
    {
        public Task SendEmailAsync(string email, string subject, string htmlMessage)
        {
            SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient
            {
                Port = 587,
                Host = "smtp.gmail.com", //or another email sender provider
                EnableSsl = true,
                DeliveryMethod = SmtpDeliveryMethod.Network,
                UseDefaultCredentials = false,
                Credentials = new NetworkCredential("your email sender", "password")
            };

            return client.SendMailAsync("your email sender", email, subject, htmlMessage);
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

您可以参考以下步骤使用 SMTP 发送电子邮件：

1. 创建一个 EmailSender 类，并包含以下方法：

    public interface IMyEmailSender
    {
        void SendEmail(string email, string subject, string HtmlMessage);
    }
   
    public class MyEmailSender : IMyEmailSender
    {
        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
        public MyEmailSender(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        } 
        public void SendEmail(string email, string subject, string HtmlMessage)
        {
            using (MailMessage mm = new MailMessage(Configuration["NetMail:sender"], email))
            {
                mm.Subject = subject;
                string body = HtmlMessage;
                mm.Body = body;
                mm.IsBodyHtml = true;
                SmtpClient smtp = new SmtpClient();
                smtp.Host = Configuration["NetMail:smtpHost"];
                smtp.EnableSsl = true;
                NetworkCredential NetworkCred = new NetworkCredential(Configuration["NetMail:sender"], Configuration["NetMail:senderpassword"]);
                smtp.UseDefaultCredentials = false;
                smtp.Credentials = NetworkCred;
                smtp.Port = 587;
                smtp.Send(mm);
            }
        } 
    }
   

2. 将 SMTP 配置信息存储在 appsettings.json 中

   “网络邮件”：{ "smtpHost": "smtp.live.com", “发件人”：“发件人电子邮件”， “发件人密码”：“密码” },

3. 在 Startup.cs 文件的 ConfigureServices 方法中注册 EmailSernder。

        services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>(options => options.SignIn.RequireConfirmedAccount = true)
            .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();
   
        services.AddTransient<IMyEmailSender, MyEmailSender>();
   

4. 在Register.cs文件中，创建用户后，可以通过UserManager获取EmailConfirmationToken，获取callbackurl，然后调用SendEmail()方法发送邮件。

            var user = new IdentityUser { UserName = Input.Email, Email = Input.Email };
            var result = await _userManager.CreateAsync(user, Input.Password);
            if (result.Succeeded)
            {
                _logger.LogInformation("User created a new account with password.");
   
                var code = await _userManager.GenerateEmailConfirmationTokenAsync(user);
                code = WebEncoders.Base64UrlEncode(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(code));
                var callbackUrl = Url.Page(
                    "/Account/ConfirmEmail",
                    pageHandler: null,
                    values: new { area = "Identity", userId = user.Id, code = code, returnUrl = returnUrl },
                    protocol: Request.Scheme);
   
                    _myEmailSender.SendEmail(Input.Email, "Confirm your Email", 
                    $"Please confirm your account by <a href='{HtmlEncoder.Default.Encode(callbackUrl)}'>clicking here</a>.");
   

之后，你会收到这样的邮件：

点击链接后会跳转到Confirm Email页面，然后查看数据库，EmailConfirmed改为True。

参考：Account confirmation and password recovery in ASP.NET Core