Java SE 上的 JPA：对象：entity.Customer@5e80188f 不是已知的实体类型

Question

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https://glassfish.java.net/javaee5/persistence/persistence-example.html

在 Java SE 环境中测试 JPA。 在 Eclipse 中，我：

• 创建了一个新的 JPA (2.1) 项目；
• 在options->JPA->Persistent class management，我选择了“Discover annotated classes automatically”而不是“Annotated classes must be listed in persistence.xml”。

我成功导入了 zip 文件 (Client.java Customer.java Order.java) 中的树 Java 类，并修改了 persistence.xml 文件以满足我的需要。但是在尝试执行 main 时出现以下错误。

[EL Info]: 2013-10-18 17:37:54.749--ServerSession(263489307)--EclipseLink, version: Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.5.1.v20130918-f2b9fc5
[EL Info]: connection: 2013-10-18 17:37:55.34--ServerSession(263489307)--file:/home/caterpillar/workspace/JPA_Java_SE/build/classes/_JPA_Java_SE login successful
[EL Warning]: metamodel: 2013-10-18 17:37:55.359--The collection of metamodel types is empty. Model classes may not have been found during entity search for Java SE and some Java EE container managed persistence units.  Please verify that your entity classes are referenced in persistence.xml using either <class> elements or a global <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes> element
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Object: entity.Customer@5e80188f is not a known entity type.
    at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.sessions.UnitOfWorkImpl.registerNewObjectForPersist(UnitOfWorkImpl.java:4228)
    at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EntityManagerImpl.persist(EntityManagerImpl.java:496)
    at client.Client.testInsert(Client.java:82)
    at client.Client.main(Client.java:49)

persistence.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">
    <persistence-unit name="JPA_Java_SE">
        <properties>
            <property name="javax.persistence.logging.level" value="FINE"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.logging.thread" value="false"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.logging.session" value="false"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.logging.timestamp" value="false"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.logging.exceptions" value="false"/>

            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="password"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

项目目录树：

$ tree
.
├── build
│   └── classes
│       ├── client
│       │   └── Client.class
│       ├── entity
│       │   ├── Customer.class
│       │   └── Order.class
│       └── META-INF
│           └── persistence.xml
├── sql
│   ├── tables_derby.sql
│   └── tables_oracle.sql
└── src
    ├── client
    │   └── Client.java
    ├── entity
    │   ├── Customer.java
    │   └── Order.java
    └── META-INF
        └── persistence.xml

10 directories, 10 files

所有类代码与http://glassfish.dev.java.net/javaee5/persistence/JPASE.zip 上的示例文件相同

Answer 1

persistence.xml 中缺少下一行：

<exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>

这一行的放置方式如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">
  <persistence-unit name="SamplePU" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <provider>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider</provider>
    <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
    <properties>
      <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/sample"/>
      <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="123"/>
      <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver"/>
      <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
      <property name="eclipselink.logging.level" value="ALL"/>
      <property name="eclipselink.ddl-generation" value="drop-and-create-tables"/>
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

Answer 2

还有另一个选项，类似于 Paul Vargas 提出的选项，也可以编辑 persistence.xml 文件。

如果您想更好地控制将哪些类作为实体进行管理， 使用：

<exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>

和

<class>YOUR CLASS CANNONICAL NAME</class>