替换字符串中的多个字符，最快的方法？

Question

我正在将一些具有多个 string 字段的记录从旧数据库导入到新数据库。它似乎很慢，我怀疑是因为我这样做：

foreach (var oldObj in oldDB)
{
    NewObject newObj = new NewObject();
    newObj.Name = oldObj.Name.Trim().Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š')
        .Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć')
        .Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
    newObj.Surname = oldObj.Surname.Trim().Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š')
        .Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć')
        .Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
    newObj.Address = oldObj.Address.Trim().Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š')
        .Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć')
        .Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
    newObj.Note = oldObj.Note.Trim().Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š')
        .Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć')
        .Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
    /*
    ... some processing ...
    */
}

现在，我通过网络阅读了一些帖子和文章，在那里我看到了许多不同的想法。有人说如果我用MatchEvaluator 做正则表达式会更好，有人说最好保持原样。

虽然为自己做一个基准案例可能对我来说更容易，但我决定在这里提出一个问题，以防其他人一直在想同样的问题，或者有人事先知道。

那么在 C# 中最快的方法是什么？

编辑

我已经发布了基准here。乍一看，理查德的方式可能是最快的。然而，由于错误的正则表达式模式，他的方式和 Marc 的方式都会做任何事情。改正后的模式

@"\^@\[\]`\}~\{\\" 

到

@"\^|@|\[|\]|`|\}|~|\{|\\" 

似乎使用链式 .Replace() 调用的旧方法毕竟是最快的

Answer 1

感谢您的投入。 我写了一个快速而肮脏的基准来测试你的输入。我已经用 500.000 次迭代测试了解析 4 个字符串并完成了 4 次传递。结果如下：

*** 通过 1 旧的 (Chained String.Replace()) 方式在 814 毫秒内完成 logicnp (ToCharArray) 方式在 916 毫秒内完成 oleksii (StringBuilder) 方式在 943 毫秒内完成 André Christoffer Andersen (Lambda w/ Aggregate) 方式在 2551 毫秒内完成 Richard（带 MatchEvaluator 的正则表达式）方式在 215 毫秒内完成 Marc Gravell（静态正则表达式）方式在 1008 毫秒内完成 *** 通过 2 旧的（Chained String.Replace()）方式在 786 毫秒内完成 logicnp (ToCharArray) 方式在 920 毫秒内完成 oleksii (StringBuilder) 方式在 905 毫秒内完成 André Christoffer Andersen（Lambda w/Aggregate）方式在 2515 毫秒内完成 Richard（带 MatchEvaluator 的正则表达式）方式在 217 毫秒内完成 Marc Gravell（静态正则表达式）方式在 1025 毫秒内完成 *** 通过 3 旧的（Chained String.Replace()）方式在 775 毫秒内完成 logicnp (ToCharArray) 方式在 903 毫秒内完成 oleksii (StringBuilder) 方式在 931 毫秒内完成 André Christoffer Andersen (Lambda w/ Aggregate) 方式在 2529 毫秒内完成 Richard（带 MatchEvaluator 的正则表达式）方式在 214 毫秒内完成 Marc Gravell（静态正则表达式）方式在 1022 毫秒内完成 *** 通过 4 旧的（Chained String.Replace()）方式在 799 毫秒内完成 logicnp (ToCharArray) 方式在 908 毫秒内完成 oleksii (StringBuilder) 方式在 938 毫秒内完成 André Christoffer Andersen（Lambda w/Aggregate）方式在 2592 毫秒内完成 Richard（带 MatchEvaluator 的正则表达式）方式在 225 毫秒内完成 Marc Gravell（静态正则表达式）方式在 1050 毫秒内完成

此基准测试的代码如下。请查看代码并确认@Richard 获得了最快的方法。请注意，我没有检查输出是否正确，我认为它们是正确的。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

namespace StringReplaceTest
{
    class Program
    {
        static string test1 = "A^@[BCD";
        static string test2 = "E]FGH\\";
        static string test3 = "ijk`l}m";
        static string test4 = "nopq~{r";

        static readonly Dictionary<char, string> repl =
            new Dictionary<char, string> 
            { 
                {'^', "Č"}, {'@', "Ž"}, {'[', "Š"}, {']', "Ć"}, {'`', "ž"}, {'}', "ć"}, {'~', "č"}, {'{', "š"}, {'\\', "Đ"} 
            };

        static readonly Regex replaceRegex;

        static Program() // static initializer 
        {
            StringBuilder pattern = new StringBuilder().Append('[');
            foreach (var key in repl.Keys)
                pattern.Append(Regex.Escape(key.ToString()));
            pattern.Append(']');
            replaceRegex = new Regex(pattern.ToString(), RegexOptions.Compiled);
        }

        public static string Sanitize(string input)
        {
            return replaceRegex.Replace(input, match =>
            {
                return repl[match.Value[0]];
            });
        } 

        static string DoGeneralReplace(string input) 
        { 
            var sb = new StringBuilder(input);
            return sb.Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š').Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć').Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ').ToString(); 
        }

        //Method for replacing chars with a mapping 
        static string Replace(string input, IDictionary<char, char> replacementMap)
        {
            return replacementMap.Keys
                .Aggregate(input, (current, oldChar)
                    => current.Replace(oldChar, replacementMap[oldChar]));
        } 

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)
                DoIt(i);
        }

        static void DoIt(int n)
        {
            Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
            int idx = 0;

            Console.WriteLine("*** Pass " + n.ToString());
            // old way
            sw.Start();
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                string result1 = test1.Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š').Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć').Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
                string result2 = test2.Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š').Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć').Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
                string result3 = test3.Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š').Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć').Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
                string result4 = test4.Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š').Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć').Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
            }
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Old (Chained String.Replace()) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms");

            Dictionary<char, char> replacements = new Dictionary<char, char>();
            replacements.Add('^', 'Č');
            replacements.Add('@', 'Ž');
            replacements.Add('[', 'Š');
            replacements.Add(']', 'Ć');
            replacements.Add('`', 'ž');
            replacements.Add('}', 'ć');
            replacements.Add('~', 'č');
            replacements.Add('{', 'š');
            replacements.Add('\\', 'Đ');

            // logicnp way
            sw.Reset();
            sw.Start();
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                char[] charArray1 = test1.ToCharArray();
                for (int i = 0; i < charArray1.Length; i++)
                {
                    char newChar;
                    if (replacements.TryGetValue(test1[i], out newChar))
                        charArray1[i] = newChar;
                }
                string result1 = new string(charArray1);

                char[] charArray2 = test2.ToCharArray();
                for (int i = 0; i < charArray2.Length; i++)
                {
                    char newChar;
                    if (replacements.TryGetValue(test2[i], out newChar))
                        charArray2[i] = newChar;
                }
                string result2 = new string(charArray2);

                char[] charArray3 = test3.ToCharArray();
                for (int i = 0; i < charArray3.Length; i++)
                {
                    char newChar;
                    if (replacements.TryGetValue(test3[i], out newChar))
                        charArray3[i] = newChar;
                }
                string result3 = new string(charArray3);

                char[] charArray4 = test4.ToCharArray();
                for (int i = 0; i < charArray4.Length; i++)
                {
                    char newChar;
                    if (replacements.TryGetValue(test4[i], out newChar))
                        charArray4[i] = newChar;
                }
                string result4 = new string(charArray4);
            }
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("logicnp (ToCharArray) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms");

            // oleksii way
            sw.Reset();
            sw.Start();
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                string result1 = DoGeneralReplace(test1);
                string result2 = DoGeneralReplace(test2);
                string result3 = DoGeneralReplace(test3);
                string result4 = DoGeneralReplace(test4);
            }
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("oleksii (StringBuilder) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms");

            // André Christoffer Andersen way
            sw.Reset();
            sw.Start();
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                string result1 = Replace(test1, replacements);
                string result2 = Replace(test2, replacements);
                string result3 = Replace(test3, replacements);
                string result4 = Replace(test4, replacements);
            }
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("André Christoffer Andersen (Lambda w/ Aggregate) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms");

            // Richard way
            sw.Reset();
            sw.Start();
            Regex reg = new Regex(@"\^|@|\[|\]|`|\}|~|\{|\\");
            MatchEvaluator eval = match =>
            {
                switch (match.Value)
                {
                    case "^": return "Č";
                    case "@": return "Ž";
                    case "[": return "Š";
                    case "]": return "Ć";
                    case "`": return "ž";
                    case "}": return "ć";
                    case "~": return "č";
                    case "{": return "š";
                    case "\\": return "Đ";
                    default: throw new Exception("Unexpected match!");
                }
            };
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                string result1 = reg.Replace(test1, eval);
                string result2 = reg.Replace(test2, eval);
                string result3 = reg.Replace(test3, eval);
                string result4 = reg.Replace(test4, eval);
            }
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Richard (Regex w/ MatchEvaluator) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms");

            // Marc Gravell way
            sw.Reset();
            sw.Start();
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                string result1 = Sanitize(test1);
                string result2 = Sanitize(test2);
                string result3 = Sanitize(test3);
                string result4 = Sanitize(test4);
            }
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Marc Gravell (Static Regex) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms\n");
        }
    }
}

2020 年 6 月编辑
由于这个问答仍然很受欢迎，我想使用带有 IndexOfAny 的 StringBuilder 使用来自 user1664043 的额外输入来更新它，这次是使用 .NET Core 3.1 编译的，结果如下：

*** 通过 1 旧的 (Chained String.Replace()) 方式在 199 毫秒内完成 logicnp (ToCharArray) 方式在 296 毫秒内完成 oleksii (StringBuilder) 方式在 416 毫秒内完成 André Christoffer Andersen（Lambda w/Aggregate）方式在 870 毫秒内完成 Richard (Regex w/ MatchEvaluator) 方式在 1722 毫秒内完成 Marc Gravell（静态正则表达式）方式在 395 毫秒内完成 user1664043 (StringBuilder w/IndexOfAny) 方式在 459 毫秒内完成 *** 通过 2 旧的（Chained String.Replace()）方式在 215 毫秒内完成 logicnp (ToCharArray) 方式在 239 毫秒内完成 oleksii (StringBuilder) 方式在 341 毫秒内完成 André Christoffer Andersen（Lambda w/Aggregate）方式在 758 毫秒内完成 理查德（Regex w/ MatchEvaluator）方式在 1591 毫秒内完成 Marc Gravell（静态正则表达式）方式在 354 毫秒内完成 user1664043 (StringBuilder w/IndexOfAny) 方式在 426 毫秒内完成 *** 通过 3 旧的 (Chained String.Replace()) 方式在 199 毫秒内完成 logicnp (ToCharArray) 方式在 265 毫秒内完成 oleksii (StringBuilder) 方式在 337 毫秒内完成 André Christoffer Andersen（Lambda w/Aggregate）方式在 817 毫秒内完成 Richard (Regex w/ MatchEvaluator) 方式在 1666 毫秒内完成 Marc Gravell（静态正则表达式）方式在 373 毫秒内完成 user1664043 (StringBuilder w/IndexOfAny) 方式在 412 毫秒内完成 *** 通过 4 旧的 (Chained String.Replace()) 方式在 199 毫秒内完成 logicnp (ToCharArray) 方式在 230 毫秒内完成 oleksii (StringBuilder) 方式在 324 毫秒内完成 André Christoffer Andersen（Lambda w/Aggregate）方式在 791 毫秒内完成 Richard (Regex w/ MatchEvaluator) 方式在 1699 毫秒内完成 Marc Gravell（静态正则表达式）方式在 359 毫秒内完成 user1664043 (StringBuilder w/IndexOfAny) 方式在 413 毫秒内完成

以及更新后的代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

namespace Test.StringReplace
{
    class Program
    {
        static string test1 = "A^@[BCD";
        static string test2 = "E]FGH\\";
        static string test3 = "ijk`l}m";
        static string test4 = "nopq~{r";

        static readonly Dictionary<char, string> repl =
            new Dictionary<char, string>
            {
                {'^', "Č"}, {'@', "Ž"}, {'[', "Š"}, {']', "Ć"}, {'`', "ž"}, {'}', "ć"}, {'~', "č"}, {'{', "š"}, {'\\', "Đ"}
            };

        static readonly Regex replaceRegex;

        static readonly char[] badChars = new char[] { '^', '@', '[', ']', '`', '}', '~', '{', '\\' };

        static readonly char[] replacementChars = new char[] { 'Č', 'Ž', 'Š', 'Ć', 'ž', 'ć', 'č', 'š', 'Đ' };

        static Program() // static initializer 
        {
            StringBuilder pattern = new StringBuilder().Append('[');
            foreach (var key in repl.Keys)
                pattern.Append(Regex.Escape(key.ToString()));
            pattern.Append(']');
            replaceRegex = new Regex(pattern.ToString(), RegexOptions.Compiled);
        }

        public static string Sanitize(string input)
        {
            return replaceRegex.Replace(input, match =>
            {
                return repl[match.Value[0]];
            });
        }

        static string DoGeneralReplace(string input)
        {
            var sb = new StringBuilder(input);
            return sb.Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š').Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć').Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ').ToString();
        }

        //Method for replacing chars with a mapping 
        static string Replace(string input, IDictionary<char, char> replacementMap)
        {
            return replacementMap.Keys
                .Aggregate(input, (current, oldChar)
                    => current.Replace(oldChar, replacementMap[oldChar]));
        }

        static string ReplaceCharsWithIndexOfAny(string sIn)
        {
            int replChar = sIn.IndexOfAny(badChars);
            if (replChar < 0)
                return sIn;

            // Don't even bother making a copy unless you know you have something to swap
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(sIn, 0, replChar, sIn.Length + 10);
            while (replChar >= 0 && replChar < sIn.Length)
            {
                var c = replacementChars[replChar];
                sb.Append(c);

                ////// This approach lets you swap a char for a string or to remove some
                ////// If you had a straight char for char swap, you could just have your repl chars in an array with the same ordinals and do it all in 2 lines matching the ordinals.
                ////c = c switch
                ////{
                ////    ////case "^":
                ////    ////    c = "Č";
                ////    ////    ...
                ////    '\ufeff' => null,
                ////    _ => replacementChars[replChar],
                ////};

                ////if (c != null)
                ////{
                ////    sb.Append(c);
                ////}

                replChar++; // skip over what we just replaced
                if (replChar < sIn.Length)
                {
                    int nextRepChar = sIn.IndexOfAny(badChars, replChar);
                    sb.Append(sIn, replChar, (nextRepChar > 0 ? nextRepChar : sIn.Length) - replChar);
                    replChar = nextRepChar;
                }
            }

            return sb.ToString();
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)
                DoIt(i);
        }

        static void DoIt(int n)
        {
            Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
            int idx = 0;

            Console.WriteLine("*** Pass " + n.ToString());
            // old way
            sw.Start();
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                string result1 = test1.Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š').Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć').Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
                string result2 = test2.Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š').Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć').Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
                string result3 = test3.Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š').Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć').Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
                string result4 = test4.Replace('^', 'Č').Replace('@', 'Ž').Replace('[', 'Š').Replace(']', 'Ć').Replace('`', 'ž').Replace('}', 'ć').Replace('~', 'č').Replace('{', 'š').Replace('\\', 'Đ');
            }

            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Old (Chained String.Replace()) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms");

            Dictionary<char, char> replacements = new Dictionary<char, char>();
            replacements.Add('^', 'Č');
            replacements.Add('@', 'Ž');
            replacements.Add('[', 'Š');
            replacements.Add(']', 'Ć');
            replacements.Add('`', 'ž');
            replacements.Add('}', 'ć');
            replacements.Add('~', 'č');
            replacements.Add('{', 'š');
            replacements.Add('\\', 'Đ');

            // logicnp way
            sw.Reset();
            sw.Start();
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                char[] charArray1 = test1.ToCharArray();
                for (int i = 0; i < charArray1.Length; i++)
                {
                    char newChar;
                    if (replacements.TryGetValue(test1[i], out newChar))
                        charArray1[i] = newChar;
                }

                string result1 = new string(charArray1);

                char[] charArray2 = test2.ToCharArray();
                for (int i = 0; i < charArray2.Length; i++)
                {
                    char newChar;
                    if (replacements.TryGetValue(test2[i], out newChar))
                        charArray2[i] = newChar;
                }

                string result2 = new string(charArray2);

                char[] charArray3 = test3.ToCharArray();
                for (int i = 0; i < charArray3.Length; i++)
                {
                    char newChar;
                    if (replacements.TryGetValue(test3[i], out newChar))
                        charArray3[i] = newChar;
                }

                string result3 = new string(charArray3);

                char[] charArray4 = test4.ToCharArray();
                for (int i = 0; i < charArray4.Length; i++)
                {
                    char newChar;
                    if (replacements.TryGetValue(test4[i], out newChar))
                        charArray4[i] = newChar;
                }

                string result4 = new string(charArray4);
            }

            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("logicnp (ToCharArray) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms");

            // oleksii way
            sw.Reset();
            sw.Start();
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                string result1 = DoGeneralReplace(test1);
                string result2 = DoGeneralReplace(test2);
                string result3 = DoGeneralReplace(test3);
                string result4 = DoGeneralReplace(test4);
            }

            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("oleksii (StringBuilder) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms");

            // André Christoffer Andersen way
            sw.Reset();
            sw.Start();
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                string result1 = Replace(test1, replacements);
                string result2 = Replace(test2, replacements);
                string result3 = Replace(test3, replacements);
                string result4 = Replace(test4, replacements);
            }

            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("André Christoffer Andersen (Lambda w/ Aggregate) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms");

            // Richard way
            sw.Reset();
            sw.Start();
            Regex reg = new Regex(@"\^|@|\[|\]|`|\}|~|\{|\\");
            MatchEvaluator eval = match =>
            {
                switch (match.Value)
                {
                    case "^": return "Č";
                    case "@": return "Ž";
                    case "[": return "Š";
                    case "]": return "Ć";
                    case "`": return "ž";
                    case "}": return "ć";
                    case "~": return "č";
                    case "{": return "š";
                    case "\\": return "Đ";
                    default: throw new Exception("Unexpected match!");
                }
            };
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                string result1 = reg.Replace(test1, eval);
                string result2 = reg.Replace(test2, eval);
                string result3 = reg.Replace(test3, eval);
                string result4 = reg.Replace(test4, eval);
            }

            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Richard (Regex w/ MatchEvaluator) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms");

            // Marc Gravell way
            sw.Reset();
            sw.Start();
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                string result1 = Sanitize(test1);
                string result2 = Sanitize(test2);
                string result3 = Sanitize(test3);
                string result4 = Sanitize(test4);
            }

            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Marc Gravell (Static Regex) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms");

            // user1664043 way
            sw.Reset();
            sw.Start();
            for (idx = 0; idx < 500000; idx++)
            {
                string result1 = ReplaceCharsWithIndexOfAny(test1);
                string result2 = ReplaceCharsWithIndexOfAny(test2);
                string result3 = ReplaceCharsWithIndexOfAny(test3);
                string result4 = ReplaceCharsWithIndexOfAny(test4);
            }

            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("user1664043 (StringBuilder w/ IndexOfAny) way completed in " + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + " ms\n");
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

最快的方法

唯一的方法是自己比较性能。尝试在 Q 中，使用StringBuilder 和Regex.Replace。

但微基准测试并未考虑整个系统的范围。如果此方法仅占整个系统的一小部分，则其性能可能与整个应用程序的性能无关。

一些注意事项：

1. 如上使用String（我假设）将创建大量中间字符串：GC 需要做更多工作。但这很简单。
2. 使用StringBuilder 允许在每次替换时修改相同的基础数据。这会产生更少的垃圾。这几乎就像使用 String 一样简单。
3. 使用regex 是最复杂的（因为您需要有代码来计算替换），但允许使用单个表达式。我希望这会更慢，除非替换列表非常大并且输入字符串中的替换很少（即，大多数替换方法调用什么都不替换，只是通过字符串进行搜索）。

由于 GC 负载较少，我预计 #2 在重复使用（数千次）后会稍微快一些。

对于正则表达式方法，您需要类似：

newObj.Name = Regex.Replace(oldObj.Name.Trim(), @"[@^\[\]`}~{\\]", match => {
  switch (match.Value) {
    case "^": return "Č";
    case "@": return "Ž";
    case "[": return "Š";
    case "]": return "Ć";
    case "`": return "ž";
    case "}": return "ć";
    case "~": return "č";
    case "{": return "š";
    case "\\": return "Đ";
    default: throw new Exception("Unexpected match!");
  }
});

这可以通过使用Dictionary<char,char> 参数化以保持替换和可重复使用的MatchEvaluator 以可重复使用的方式完成。

Answer 3

试试这个：

Dictionary<char, char> replacements = new Dictionary<char, char>();
// populate replacements

string str = "mystring";
char []charArray = str.ToCharArray();

for (int i = 0; i < charArray.Length; i++)
{
    char newChar;
    if (replacements.TryGetValue(str[i], out newChar))
    charArray[i] = newChar;
}

string newStr = new string(charArray);

Answer 4

一种可能的解决方案是为此使用StringBuilder 类。

您可以先将代码重构为单个方法

public string DoGeneralReplace(string input)
{
    var sb = new StringBuilder(input);
    sb.Replace("^", "Č")
      .Replace("@", "Ž") ...;
}


//usage
foreach (var oldObj in oldDB)
{
    NewObject newObj = new NewObject();
    newObj.Name = DoGeneralReplace(oldObj.Name);
    ...
}

Answer 5

您可以在字符映射上使用 Aggregate 来使用 lambda 表达式：

  //Method for replacing chars with a mapping
  static string Replace(string input, IDictionary<char, char> replacementMap) {
      return replacementMap.Keys
          .Aggregate(input, (current, oldChar) 
              => current.Replace(oldChar, replacementMap[oldChar]));
  }

您可以按如下方式运行：

  private static void Main(string[] args) {
      //Char to char map using <oldChar, newChar>
      var charMap = new Dictionary<char, char>();
      charMap.Add('-', 'D'); charMap.Add('|', 'P'); charMap.Add('@', 'A');

      //Your input string
      string myString = "asgjk--@dfsg||jshd--f@jgsld-kj|rhgunfh-@-nsdflngs";

      //Your own replacement method
      myString = Replace(myString, charMap);

      //out: myString = "asgjkDDAdfsgPPjshdDDfAjgsldDkjPrhgunfhDADnsdflngs"
  }

Answer 6

好吧，我会尝试做一些类似的事情：

    static readonly Dictionary<char, string> replacements =
       new Dictionary<char, string>
    {
        {']',"Ć"}, {'~', "č"} // etc
    };
    static readonly Regex replaceRegex;
    static YourUtilityType() // static initializer
    {
        StringBuilder pattern = new StringBuilder().Append('[');
        foreach(var key in replacements.Keys)
            pattern.Append(Regex.Escape(key.ToString()));
        pattern.Append(']');
        replaceRegex = new Regex(pattern.ToString(), RegexOptions.Compiled);
    }
    public static string Sanitize(string input)
    {
        return replaceRegex.Replace(input, match =>
        {
            return replacements[match.Value[0]];
        });
    }

这有一个维护位置（在顶部），并构建了一个预编译的Regex 来处理替换。所有开销只完成一次（因此static）。

Answer 7

使用 IndexOfAny 的混合 StringBuilder 方法：

protected String ReplaceChars(String sIn)
{
    int replChar = sIn.IndexOfAny(badChars);
    if (replChar < 0)
        return sIn;

    // Don't even bother making a copy unless you know you have something to swap
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(sIn, 0, replChar, sIn.Length + 10);
    while (replChar >= 0 && replChar < sIn.Length)
    {
        char? c = sIn[replChar];
        string s = null;
        // This approach lets you swap a char for a string or to remove some
        // If you had a straight char for char swap, you could just have your repl chars in an array with the same ordinals and do it all in 2 lines matching the ordinals.
        switch (c)
        {
            case "^": c = "Č";
            ...
            case '\ufeff': c = null; break;
        }
        if (s != null) sb.Append(s);
        else if (c != null) sb.Append(c);

        replChar++; // skip over what we just replaced
        if (replChar < sIn.Length)
        {
            int nextRepChar = sIn.IndexOfAny(badChars, replChar);
            sb.Append(sIn, replChar, (nextRepChar > 0 ? nextRepChar : sIn.Length) - replChar);
            replChar = nextRepChar;
        }
    }
    return sb.ToString();
}