如何从 XML 中提取值并将它们插入到表中？答案

【问题标题】：How can I extract values from XML and insert them into a table?如何从 XML 中提取值并将它们插入到表中？
【发布时间】：2017-05-24 16:27:41
【问题描述】：

我有一个加载到 XMLType 变量中的 XML 文件，我想从具有不同属性值的几个 .../ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData 节点和一个 .../Polygon/outerBoundaryIs/LinearRing/coordinates 节点中提取不同的值，以将它们插入到此表中：

CREATE TABLE LIE_GEOF
(
IDE_GEO VARCHAR2(24) NOT NULL,
COD_COM VARCHAR2(3) ,
COD_VIL VARCHAR2(5) ,
NOM_COM VARCHAR2(50) ,
ALT_MOY NUMBER(4,0) ,
SUP_HEC NUMBER(12,0) ,
NBR_POP NUMBER(10,0) ,
COD_ARR VARCHAR2(1) ,
COD_DEP VARCHAR2(2) ,
NOM_DEP VARCHAR2(30) ,
COD_REG VARCHAR2(2) NOT NULL,
NOM_REG VARCHAR2(35) NOT NULL,
TXT_POL CLOB ,
CONSTRAINT LIE_GEOF_PK PRIMARY KEY (IDE_GEO) USING INDEX
);

插入必须遵循这个规则：

具有特定属性值的/Document/Folder/Placemark/ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData节点的值进入表的前11个字段。
节点/Document/Folder/Placemark/Polygon/outerBoundaryIs/LinearRing/coordinates 的值进入表的最后一个字段（TXT_POL，这是一个 CLOB）。

例如插入：

COMMUNE00000000000000001 转入ID_GEOFLA
216 转入COD_COM
...
0.523147623541907,43.45799199978569 0.523016926446493,43.458214941462735...进入TXT_POL

这是我的 XML 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">
<Document id="root_doc">
<Schema name="COMMUNE" id="COMMUNE">
<SimpleField name="ID_GEOFLA" type="string"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="CODE_COM" type="string"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="INSEE_COM" type="string"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="NOM_COM" type="string"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="STATUT" type="string"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="X_CHF_LIEU" type="int"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="Y_CHF_LIEU" type="int"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="X_CENTROID" type="int"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="Y_CENTROID" type="int"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="Z_MOYEN" type="int"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="SUPERFICIE" type="float"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="POPULATION" type="int"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="CODE_ARR" type="string"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="CODE_DEPT" type="string"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="NOM_DEPT" type="string"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="CODE_REG" type="string"></SimpleField>
<SimpleField name="NOM_REG" type="string"></SimpleField>
</Schema>
<Folder><name>COMMUNE</name>
<Placemark>
<Style><LineStyle><color>ff0000ff</color></LineStyle><PolyStyle><fill>0</fill></PolyStyle></Style>
<ExtendedData><SchemaData schemaUrl="#COMMUNE">
<SimpleData name="ID_GEOFLA">COMMUNE00000000000000001</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_COM">216</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="INSEE_COM">32216</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_COM">LOURTIES-MONBRUN</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="STATUT">Commune simple</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="X_CHF_LIEU">500820</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Y_CHF_LIEU">6264958</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="X_CENTROID">500515</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Y_CENTROID">6265413</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Z_MOYEN">252</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="SUPERFICIE">966</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="POPULATION">139</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_ARR">3</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_DEPT">32</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_DEPT">GERS</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_REG">76</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_REG">LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON-MIDI-PYRENEES</SimpleData>
</SchemaData></ExtendedData>
<Polygon><outerBoundaryIs><LinearRing><coordinates>0.523147623541907,43.45799199978569 0.523016926446493,43.458214941462735 0.522819929792566,43.458571384907614 0.523158712137025,43.463844819851531 0.525919177622142,43.466722549687468 0.534681879985461,43.464747550783542 0.543836737927885,43.469777335356682 0.548247371718109,43.472768370413348 0.550322756594321,43.477287979477317 0.551468474597506,43.478160877453561 0.552015304755935,43.478439663216299 0.552453497415003,43.478221827985358 0.555100797978036,43.474481276701823 0.555807213328205,43.473593492995199 0.558991284076016,43.472423990577127 0.56086273814842,43.472185286329086 0.564888471150887,43.471711436291166 0.566623349308327,43.471515470873307 0.567427459167519,43.471439009340536 0.568571543995261,43.468291800893347 0.569365669469214,43.464620982438333 0.567828019844389,43.460101271732199 0.567509757649282,43.458423540573534 0.567072440746275,43.458596443463989 0.566331570343829,43.458584307788286 0.562627166751401,43.458262522540728 0.560416690686975,43.457911246027962 0.559805673058565,43.457721968280353 0.554192459548327,43.459256113328266 0.551822357433493,43.460071196874786 0.549836876685425,43.460442173041024 0.548786602838374,43.460469727487656 0.548449080291229,43.459430568250141 0.548216275147381,43.458572899197428 0.549999653359123,43.456795920024497 0.550686563685562,43.456536916638157 0.553860511528465,43.456050548180549 0.555937760797512,43.456713991749211 0.55612105137207,43.45676223078474 0.556436817751908,43.456542525872251 0.556441991370131,43.456362621910301 0.555847087361284,43.455678628111059 0.552874026887119,43.453652001502725 0.551053529573104,43.452678364660322 0.550753210222253,43.452448351090517 0.550735797660037,43.451000593387143 0.550915991905762,43.449206264922303 0.553238100421676,43.447940984342978 0.553771683066166,43.447653300288636 0.554738707003582,43.44728268718503 0.56019111305528,43.444531605495072 0.562938636713414,43.443858069856788 0.56516268550633,43.443759562234121 0.567023409839381,43.443430527931177 0.566871862109568,43.442340715151943 0.566475653104936,43.44116529926356 0.566069176230466,43.440349687490794 0.564972682557216,43.439523066858889 0.564547029266048,43.439336180634278 0.562328585402901,43.439277281890504 0.559811880846763,43.438853383472782 0.557964223826497,43.438382404156521 0.557848915902549,43.438101676680482 0.557402040643657,43.436611852944097 0.556595818480535,43.436778188864331 0.550636409582979,43.43880112426811 0.546799103741674,43.440005028613726 0.543629269595757,43.4407612883318 0.543320674518776,43.44075609078584 0.54265340718862,43.440385418205821 0.542657248886231,43.440295495610123 0.540784834255311,43.440578841341114 0.539476542216563,43.44101538502607 0.537977690329699,43.441574496966403 0.537598849484849,43.441882721780303 0.525443080131764,43.448439347839923 0.523192997567408,43.452635557123507 0.522863538404974,43.455264457764613 0.523286197033435,43.457500103439656 0.523210047392157,43.457948420812656 0.523147623541907,43.45799199978569</coordinates></LinearRing></outerBoundaryIs></Polygon>
</Placemark>
<Placemark>
<Style><LineStyle><color>ff0000ff</color></LineStyle><PolyStyle><fill>0</fill></PolyStyle></Style>
<ExtendedData><SchemaData schemaUrl="#COMMUNE">
<SimpleData name="ID_GEOFLA">COMMUNE00000000000000002</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_COM">033</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="INSEE_COM">47033</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_COM">BOUDY-DE-BEAUREGARD</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="STATUT">Commune simple</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="X_CHF_LIEU">516424</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Y_CHF_LIEU">6384852</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="X_CENTROID">515575</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Y_CENTROID">6385938</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Z_MOYEN">112</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="SUPERFICIE">1019</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="POPULATION">414</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_ARR">3</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_DEPT">47</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_DEPT">LOT-ET-GARONNE</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_REG">75</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_REG">AQUITAINE-LIMOUSIN-POITOU-CHARENTES</SimpleData>
</SchemaData></ExtendedData>
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<Placemark>
<Style><LineStyle><color>ff0000ff</color></LineStyle><PolyStyle><fill>0</fill></PolyStyle></Style>
<ExtendedData><SchemaData schemaUrl="#COMMUNE">
<SimpleData name="ID_GEOFLA">COMMUNE00000000000000003</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_COM">009</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="INSEE_COM">32009</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_COM">ARMOUS-ET-CAU</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="STATUT">Commune simple</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="X_CHF_LIEU">472979</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Y_CHF_LIEU">6278963</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="X_CENTROID">473004</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Y_CENTROID">6278937</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Z_MOYEN">221</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="SUPERFICIE">932</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="POPULATION">95</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_ARR">3</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_DEPT">32</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_DEPT">GERS</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_REG">76</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_REG">LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON-MIDI-PYRENEES</SimpleData>
</SchemaData></ExtendedData>
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<Style><LineStyle><color>ff0000ff</color></LineStyle><PolyStyle><fill>0</fill></PolyStyle></Style>
<ExtendedData><SchemaData schemaUrl="#COMMUNE">
<SimpleData name="ID_GEOFLA">COMMUNE00000000000000004</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_COM">225</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="INSEE_COM">38225</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_COM">AUTRANS-MEAUDRE EN VERCORS</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="STATUT">Commune simple</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="X_CHF_LIEU">898640</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Y_CHF_LIEU">6450689</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="X_CENTROID">898625</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Y_CENTROID">6451597</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Z_MOYEN">1234</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="SUPERFICIE">3371</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="POPULATION">2973</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_ARR">1</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_DEPT">38</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_DEPT">ISERE</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_REG">84</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_REG">AUVERGNE-RHONE-ALPES</SimpleData>
</SchemaData></ExtendedData>
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</Placemark>
<Placemark>
<Style><LineStyle><color>ff0000ff</color></LineStyle><PolyStyle><fill>0</fill></PolyStyle></Style>
<ExtendedData><SchemaData schemaUrl="#COMMUNE">
<SimpleData name="ID_GEOFLA">COMMUNE00000000000000005</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_COM">890</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="INSEE_COM">62890</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_COM">WILLEMAN</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="STATUT">Commune simple</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="X_CHF_LIEU">640049</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Y_CHF_LIEU">7028672</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="X_CENTROID">640115</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Y_CENTROID">7029900</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="Z_MOYEN">79</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="SUPERFICIE">1023</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="POPULATION">178</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_ARR">4</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_DEPT">62</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_DEPT">PAS-DE-CALAIS</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="CODE_REG">32</SimpleData>
<SimpleData name="NOM_REG">NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS-PICARDIE</SimpleData>
</SchemaData></ExtendedData>
<Polygon><outerBoundaryIs><LinearRing><coordinates>2.151357610477108,50.342723579428736 2.150582398840049,50.343853128809613 2.150439420398362,50.344345961981944 2.147781898036236,50.348429901247719 2.144643960903647,50.352848920107654 2.142170362713468,50.354312287967623 2.139785273502974,50.354442932204655 2.139147310728909,50.356057285129864 2.136459688875384,50.361894178627317 2.136303634967463,50.362073550534305 2.136457891197435,50.362163514907749 2.143309717417935,50.367975295072092 2.149574739686743,50.375379804640581 2.151353800635636,50.377701211726055 2.152307917736184,50.378321866071232 2.155756214194353,50.379913059929052 2.154864354931062,50.380685355552338 2.155973798477377,50.381259457705227 2.156409086307008,50.380669881870404 2.157182705972685,50.37999822017963 2.158308050333875,50.379282265278022 2.159644626590358,50.378610832073001 2.166473449179359,50.37565036238319 2.167106098271396,50.375426588179472 2.167893230445291,50.375114070985006 2.168055448620143,50.374896996422471 2.168526372902896,50.37426272358401 2.169092409895663,50.373051795846251 2.169942448266939,50.370531964916502 2.170719245301723,50.368962416427962 2.175080979569476,50.369372312649269 2.183859825720376,50.370773789773402 2.18505079929214,50.370999825609218 2.185191902200479,50.370954968509238 2.18564361921614,50.370190318886401 2.184787545948869,50.370002412843633 2.183708661363136,50.369617304240514 2.182463727449356,50.36830454074083 2.181402963860765,50.366544971983508 2.182476664280656,50.364123484539761 2.185726357443533,50.356526912933504 2.186427269755563,50.356662618447764 2.186638577991434,50.356438655774838 2.187202454197396,50.355496954539362 2.188401939261542,50.353075312390636 2.186319206527587,50.348124388463035 2.184784410495321,50.343586432428438 2.184713679145266,50.343361503403536 2.18317169343704,50.343538954992638 2.166941973276032,50.344953195994378 2.152128396725606,50.342859066974349 2.151357610477108,50.342723579428736</coordinates></LinearRing></outerBoundaryIs></Polygon>
</Placemark>
</Folder>
</Document></kml>

到目前为止我尝试的是提取与属性ID_GEOFLA匹配的节点值；但这不起作用：

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE load_xml (p_dir       IN  VARCHAR2,
                                  p_filename  IN  VARCHAR2) AS
l_bfile  BFILE := BFILENAME(p_dir, p_filename);
l_clob   CLOB;
xml_data xmltype;
ID_GEOFLA varchar2(255);   

BEGIN

DBMS_LOB.createtemporary (l_clob, TRUE);
DBMS_LOB.fileopen(l_bfile, DBMS_LOB.file_readonly);
DBMS_LOB.loadfromfile(l_clob, l_bfile, DBMS_LOB.getlength(l_bfile));
DBMS_LOB.fileclose(l_bfile);

xml_data :=XMLTYPE.createXML(l_clob);

for x in (

select a.ID  
from 
   XMLTABLE('/Document/Folder/Placemark/ExtendedData/SchemaData'
          PASSING xml_data
          COLUMNS ID VARCHAR2(100) PATH '//SimpleData/text()'

         ) a) loop
         dbms_output.put_line(x.ID);

         end loop;

  DBMS_LOB.freetemporary (l_clob);

  END;
  /

如何将 XML 数据放入我的表中？

【问题讨论】：

标签： xml oracle oracle11g xmltype

【解决方案1】：

您有多个地标，您需要 XMLTable XPath 来引用它们；然后是引用每个节点的列路径，指定相关的属性：

xmltable(xmlnamespaces(default 'http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2'),
    '/kml/Document/Folder/Placemark'
  passing xmltype(l_clob)
  columns ide_geo varchar2(24) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="ID_GEOFLA"]',
    cod_com varchar2(3) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="CODE_COM"]',
    cod_vil varchar2(5) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="INSEE_COM"]',
    nom_com varchar2(50) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="NOM_COM"]',
    alt_moy number(4,0) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="Z_MOYEN"]',
    sup_hec number(12,0) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="SUPERFICIE"]',
    nbr_pop number(10,0) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="POPULATION"]',
    cod_arr varchar2(1) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="CODE_ARR"]',
    cod_dep varchar2(2) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="CODE_DEPT"]',
    nom_dep varchar2(30) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="NOM_DEPT"]',
    cod_reg varchar2(2) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="CODE_REG"]',
    nom_reg varchar2(35) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="NOM_REG"]',
    txt_pol clob path 'Polygon/outerBoundaryIs/LinearRing/coordinates'
);

还要注意包含/kml 根节点，以及默认命名空间的声明。

调整您的过程以将其与从 BFILE 加载的 CLOB 以及单个 insert ... select（不需要游标循环）一起使用，您可以这样做：

create or replace procedure load_xml (p_dir in  varchar2,
  p_filename  in  varchar2)
as
  l_clob clob;
  l_bfile bfile := bfilename(p_dir, p_filename);
  l_dest_offset pls_integer := 1;
  l_src_offset pls_integer := 1;
  l_lang_context pls_integer := 0;
  l_warning pls_integer;
begin
  dbms_lob.createtemporary (l_clob, true);
  dbms_lob.fileopen(l_bfile, dbms_lob.file_readonly);
  dbms_lob.loadclobfromfile(dest_lob=>l_clob,
    src_bfile=>l_bfile,
    amount=>dbms_lob.lobmaxsize,
    dest_offset=>l_dest_offset,
    src_offset=>l_src_offset,
    bfile_csid=>0,
    lang_context=>l_lang_context,
    warning=>l_warning);
  dbms_lob.fileclose(l_bfile);

  insert into lie_geof (ide_geo, cod_com, cod_vil, nom_com, alt_moy, sup_hec,
    nbr_pop, cod_arr, cod_dep, nom_dep, cod_reg, nom_reg, txt_pol)
  select ide_geo, cod_com, cod_vil, nom_com, alt_moy, sup_hec,
    nbr_pop, cod_arr, cod_dep, nom_dep, cod_reg, nom_reg, txt_pol
  from xmltable(xmlnamespaces(default 'http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2'),
    '/kml/Document/Folder/Placemark'
    passing xmltype(l_clob)
    columns ide_geo varchar2(24) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="ID_GEOFLA"]',
      cod_com varchar2(3) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="CODE_COM"]',
      cod_vil varchar2(5) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="INSEE_COM"]',
      nom_com varchar2(50) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="NOM_COM"]',
      alt_moy number(4,0) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="Z_MOYEN"]',
      sup_hec number(12,0) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="SUPERFICIE"]',
      nbr_pop number(10,0) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="POPULATION"]',
      cod_arr varchar2(1) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="CODE_ARR"]',
      cod_dep varchar2(2) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="CODE_DEPT"]',
      nom_dep varchar2(30) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="NOM_DEPT"]',
      cod_reg varchar2(2) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="CODE_REG"]',
      nom_reg varchar2(35) path 'ExtendedData/SchemaData/SimpleData[@name="NOM_REG"]',
      txt_pol clob path 'Polygon/outerBoundaryIs/LinearRing/coordinates'
  );

  dbms_lob.freetemporary (l_clob);
end;
/

...当你的文件运行时得到：

select * from lie_geof;

IDE_GEO                  COD COD_V NOM_COM                                               ALT_MOY    SUP_HEC    NBR_POP C CO NOM_DEP                        CO NOM_REG                             TXT_POL                                                                         
------------------------ --- ----- -------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- - -- ------------------------------ -- ----------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMUNE00000000000000001 216 32216 LOURTIES-MONBRUN                                          252        966        139 3 32 GERS                           76 LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON-MIDI-PYRENEES  0.523147623541907,43.45799199978569 0.523016926446493,43.458214941462735 0.52281
COMMUNE00000000000000002 033 47033 BOUDY-DE-BEAUREGARD                                       112       1019        414 3 47 LOT-ET-GARONNE                 75 AQUITAINE-LIMOUSIN-POITOU-CHARENTES 0.662777282430262,44.533218568792947 0.662625822063777,44.533683684987352 0.6641
COMMUNE00000000000000003 009 32009 ARMOUS-ET-CAU                                             221        932         95 3 32 GERS                           76 LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON-MIDI-PYRENEES  0.211253773793326,43.587275605450763 0.211662108609333,43.586825129365288 0.2114
COMMUNE00000000000000004 225 38225 AUTRANS-MEAUDRE EN VERCORS                               1234       3371       2973 1 38 ISERE                          84 AUVERGNE-RHONE-ALPES                5.577223028135769,45.242894349342798 5.57832596943672,45.243222059527241 5.57940
COMMUNE00000000000000005 890 62890 WILLEMAN                                                   79       1023        178 4 62 PAS-DE-CALAIS                  32 NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS-PICARDIE         2.151357610477108,50.342723579428736 2.150582398840049,50.343853128809613 2.1504

【讨论】：

非常感谢亚历克斯！现在的问题是我的真实文件是119兆，并且脚本已经运行了3个多小时，我真的认为在生产环境中使用它是完全不明智的......
可能不会经常加载和解析大量数据？您可以（可能在其他地方）在不执行插入的情况下循环运行查询部分，以查看我们在 XML 上花费了多少时间以及在插入上花费了多少时间。您的 DBA 可能能够就任何瓶颈提出建议。另一种选择可能是将 XML 拆分为 CSV，例如，然后作为外部表或通过 SQL*Loader 加载 - 但最终的 CLOB 列会变得很棘手，假设它实际上可能超过 4k。