将 DLL 中的非托管/本机 C++/CLI 类放入 Visual Studio 2013 中的非托管单元测试 [重复]答案

【问题标题】：Getting unmanaged/native C++/CLI class in a DLL into a unmanaged unit test in Visual Studio 2013 [duplicate]将 DLL 中的非托管/本机 C++/CLI 类放入 Visual Studio 2013 中的非托管单元测试 [重复]
【发布时间】：2016-09-07 04:41:54
【问题描述】：

在这里，我正用头撞在同一堵墙上，所以我要问这个问题，要么得到答案，要么自己回答，这样我可以在下一次查看这个问题。

我的示例是从内置模板从头开始创建的。我正在使用 MS 方向 "Unit testing native code with Test Explorer"

首先，我使用模板创建了一个非托管 DLL。这给了我：

Win32Project1.vcxproj

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="12.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
    </ProjectConfiguration>
    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
    </ProjectConfiguration>
  </ItemGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
    <ProjectGuid>{33455C38-A354-46D1-8883-9292408E03C1}</ProjectGuid>
    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
    <RootNamespace>Win32Project1</RootNamespace>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
    <PlatformToolset>v120</PlatformToolset>
    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
    <PlatformToolset>v120</PlatformToolset>
    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
  </ImportGroup>
  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
  </ImportGroup>
  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
  </ImportGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
    <ClCompile>
      <PrecompiledHeader>Use</PrecompiledHeader>
      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;WIN32PROJECT1_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
    </ClCompile>
    <Link>
      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
    </Link>
  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
    <ClCompile>
      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
      <PrecompiledHeader>Use</PrecompiledHeader>
      <Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;WIN32PROJECT1_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
    </ClCompile>
    <Link>
      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
    </Link>
  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Text Include="ReadMe.txt" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ClInclude Include="stdafx.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="targetver.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="Win32Project1.h" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ClCompile Include="dllmain.cpp">
      <CompileAsManaged Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">false</CompileAsManaged>
      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
      </PrecompiledHeader>
      <CompileAsManaged Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">false</CompileAsManaged>
      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
      </PrecompiledHeader>
    </ClCompile>
    <ClCompile Include="stdafx.cpp">
      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
    </ClCompile>
    <ClCompile Include="Win32Project1.cpp" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
  </ImportGroup>
</Project>

Win32Project1.h

#ifdef WIN32PROJECT1_EXPORTS
#define WIN32PROJECT1_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define WIN32PROJECT1_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif

// This class is exported from the Win32Project1.dll
class WIN32PROJECT1_API CWin32Project1 {
public:
    CWin32Project1(void);

    bool Foo();
};

extern WIN32PROJECT1_API int nWin32Project1;

WIN32PROJECT1_API int fnWin32Project1(void);

Win32Project1.cpp

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Win32Project1.h"


// This is an example of an exported variable
WIN32PROJECT1_API int nWin32Project1=0;

// This is an example of an exported function.
WIN32PROJECT1_API int fnWin32Project1(void)
{
    return 42;
}

// This is the constructor of a class that has been exported.
// see Win32Project1.h for the class definition
CWin32Project1::CWin32Project1()
{
    return;
}

bool CWin32Project1::Foo() {return true;}

然后我从模板创建一个非托管单元测试项目并添加一个单元测试。

UnitTest1.vcxproj

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="12.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
    </ProjectConfiguration>
    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
    </ProjectConfiguration>
  </ItemGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
    <ProjectGuid>{B149C359-4E44-4B7E-B3B9-F682865D0AE2}</ProjectGuid>
    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
    <RootNamespace>UnitTest1</RootNamespace>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
    <PlatformToolset>v120</PlatformToolset>
    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
    <UseOfMfc>false</UseOfMfc>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
    <PlatformToolset>v120</PlatformToolset>
    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
    <UseOfMfc>false</UseOfMfc>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
  </ImportGroup>
  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
  </ImportGroup>
  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
  </ImportGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
    <ClCompile>
      <PrecompiledHeader>Use</PrecompiledHeader>
      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(VCInstallDir)UnitTest\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
      <UseFullPaths>true</UseFullPaths>
    </ClCompile>
    <Link>
      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
      <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>$(VCInstallDir)UnitTest\lib;%(AdditionalLibraryDirectories)</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
    </Link>
  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
    <ClCompile>
      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
      <PrecompiledHeader>Use</PrecompiledHeader>
      <Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(VCInstallDir)UnitTest\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
      <UseFullPaths>true</UseFullPaths>
    </ClCompile>
    <Link>
      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
      <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>$(VCInstallDir)UnitTest\lib;%(AdditionalLibraryDirectories)</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
    </Link>
  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ClInclude Include="stdafx.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="targetver.h" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ClCompile Include="stdafx.cpp">
      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
    </ClCompile>
    <ClCompile Include="unittest1.cpp" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
  </ImportGroup>
</Project>

UnitTest1.cpp

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "CppUnitTest.h"
#include "..\Win32Project1\Win32Project1.h"

using namespace Microsoft::VisualStudio::CppUnitTestFramework;

namespace UnitTest1
{       
    TEST_CLASS(UnitTest1)
    {
    public:

        TEST_METHOD(TestMethod1)
        {
            auto bar = new CWin32Project1();
            Assert::AreEqual(true, bar->Foo());
        }

    };
}

当我编译这个时，我得到了错误：

1>unittest1.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: __thiscall CWin32Project1::CWin32Project1(void)" (__imp_??0CWin32Project1@@QAE@XZ) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall UnitTest1::UnitTest1::TestMethod1(void)" (?TestMethod1@UnitTest1@1@QAEXXZ)
1>unittest1.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: bool __thiscall CWin32Project1::Foo(void)" (__imp_?Foo@CWin32Project1@@QAE_NXZ) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall UnitTest1::UnitTest1::TestMethod1(void)" (?TestMethod1@UnitTest1@1@QAEXXZ)

这里有什么问题？

【问题讨论】：

您没有告诉链接器它还需要链接 Win32Project1.lib 文件。所以它永远找不到 CWin32Project1 类成员定义，就像它告诉你的那样。
问题不是精确重复的。答案千差万别，以至于解决方案不是很明显。试图将此问题和答案作为引用问题的答案会被否决。

标签： visual-studio c++-cli mstest unmanaged

【解决方案1】：

UnitTest1.vcxproj 需要进行以下更改：

  <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>$(SolutionDir)Debug;$(VCInstallDir)UnitTest\lib;%(AdditionalLibraryDirectories)</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
  <AdditionalDependencies>Win32Project1.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>

【讨论】：