Python：PyCharm 中运行与调试模式的不同行为答案

【问题标题】：Python: Different behavior in run vs debug mode in PyCharmPython：PyCharm 中运行与调试模式的不同行为
【发布时间】：2015-01-28 03:44:41
【问题描述】：

在没有附加调试器的情况下从 PyCharm 运行 Python 代码时的行为与在附加 pydev 时运行时的行为不同。

我在 PyCharm 中运行 POX SDN 控制器，并从控制台运行 Mininet 模拟，该模拟连接由 POX 打开的侦听套接字。在调试模式下运行时，一旦 Mininet 模拟连接到 POX 过程就完成，而不会产生任何错误，同时在运行模式下继续按预期工作。这是输出：

运行：

/usr/bin/python2.7 /home/wirate/pyretic/pyretic.py pyretic.sdx.main
Initialize SDX
SDX: {'_policy': drop, 'notify': None, 'arp_policy': [DynamicPolicy]
packets
FwdBucket}
Creating SDX environment from the config files
Adding Physical ports for  A
Adding virtual ports for  A
Adding Physical ports for  C
Adding virtual ports for  C
Adding Physical ports for  B
Adding virtual ports for  B
{u'A': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3], u'B': [2]}, u'C': {u'C': [3, 4]}, u'B': {u'B': [2]}}
{u'A': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3], u'B': [2]}, u'C': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3, 4], u'B': [2]}, u'B': {u'B': [2]}}
{u'A': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3], u'B': [2]}, u'C': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3, 4], u'B': [2]}, u'B': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3], u'B': [2]}}
Parsing participant's policies
Starting VNH Assignment
After new assignment
Virtual Next Hop --> IP Prefix:  {'VNH1': set([u'110.0.0.0/24', u'100.0.0.0/24']), 'VNH2': set([u'140.0.0.0/24', u'150.0.0.0/24'])}
Virtual Next Hop --> Next Hop IP Address (Virtual):  {'VNH1': '172.0.1.1', 'VNH2': '172.0.1.2', 'VNH': [IPAddress('172.0.1.0'), IPAddress('172.0.1.1'), IPAddress('172.0.1.2'), IPAddress('172.0.1.3'), IPAddress('172.0.1.4'), IPAddress('172.0.1.5'), IPAddress('172.0.1.6'), IPAddress('172.0.1.7'), IPAddress('172.0.1.8'), IPAddress('172.0.1.9'), IPAddress('172.0.1.10'), IPAddress('172.0.1.11'), IPAddress('172.0.1.12'), IPAddress('172.0.1.13'), IPAddress('172.0.1.14'), IPAddress('172.0.1.15')]}
Virtual Next Hop --> Next Hop Mac Address (Virtual) {'VNH1': aa:00:00:00:00:01, 'VNH2': aa:00:00:00:00:02, 'VNH': 'aa:00:00:00:00:00'}
Completed VNH Assignment
POX 0.2.0 (carp) / Copyright 2011-2013 James McCauley, et al.
Connected to pyretic frontend.
DEBUG:core:POX 0.2.0 (carp) going up...
DEBUG:core:Running on CPython (2.7.8/Oct 20 2014 15:05:19)
DEBUG:core:Platform is Linux-3.16.0-24-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.10-utopic
INFO:core:POX 0.2.0 (carp) is up.
DEBUG:openflow.of_01:Listening on 0.0.0.0:6633
INFO:openflow.of_01:[00-00-00-00-00-01 1] connected

调试：

/usr/bin/python2.7 /home/wirate/pycharm-4.0/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py --multiproc --client 127.0.0.1 --port 49196 --file /home/wirate/pyretic/pyretic.py pyretic.sdx.main
pydev debugger: process 5555 is connecting

Connected to pydev debugger (build 139.574)
Initialize SDX
SDX: {'_policy': drop, 'notify': None, 'arp_policy': [DynamicPolicy]
packets
FwdBucket}
Creating SDX environment from the config files
Adding Physical ports for  A
Adding virtual ports for  A
Adding Physical ports for  C
Adding virtual ports for  C
Adding Physical ports for  B
Adding virtual ports for  B
{u'A': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3], u'B': [2]}, u'C': {u'C': [3, 4]}, u'B': {u'B': [2]}}
{u'A': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3], u'B': [2]}, u'C': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3, 4], u'B': [2]}, u'B': {u'B': [2]}}
{u'A': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3], u'B': [2]}, u'C': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3, 4], u'B': [2]}, u'B': {u'A': [1], u'C': [3], u'B': [2]}}
Parsing participant's policies
Starting VNH Assignment
After new assignment
Virtual Next Hop --> IP Prefix:  {'VNH1': set([u'110.0.0.0/24', u'100.0.0.0/24']), 'VNH2': set([u'140.0.0.0/24', u'150.0.0.0/24'])}
Virtual Next Hop --> Next Hop IP Address (Virtual):  {'VNH1': '172.0.1.1', 'VNH2': '172.0.1.2', 'VNH': [IPAddress('172.0.1.0'), IPAddress('172.0.1.1'), IPAddress('172.0.1.2'), IPAddress('172.0.1.3'), IPAddress('172.0.1.4'), IPAddress('172.0.1.5'), IPAddress('172.0.1.6'), IPAddress('172.0.1.7'), IPAddress('172.0.1.8'), IPAddress('172.0.1.9'), IPAddress('172.0.1.10'), IPAddress('172.0.1.11'), IPAddress('172.0.1.12'), IPAddress('172.0.1.13'), IPAddress('172.0.1.14'), IPAddress('172.0.1.15')]}
Virtual Next Hop --> Next Hop Mac Address (Virtual) {'VNH1': aa:00:00:00:00:01, 'VNH2': aa:00:00:00:00:02, 'VNH': 'aa:00:00:00:00:00'}
Completed VNH Assignment
pydev debugger: process 5595 is connecting

POX 0.2.0 (carp) / Copyright 2011-2013 James McCauley, et al.
POX 0.2.0 (carp) / Copyright 2011-2013 James McCauley, et al.
Connected to pyretic frontend.
DEBUG:core:POX 0.2.0 (carp) going up...
DEBUG:core:Running on CPython (2.7.8/Oct 20 2014 15:05:19)
DEBUG:core:Platform is Linux-3.16.0-24-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.10-utopic
INFO:core:POX 0.2.0 (carp) is up.
DEBUG:openflow.of_01:Listening on 0.0.0.0:6633
INFO:openflow.of_01:[None 1] closed
INFO:openflow.of_01:[00-00-00-00-00-01 2] connected

Process finished with exit code 137

这是启动控制器的代码：

def main():
    global of_client
    (op, options, args, kwargs_to_pass) = parseArgs()
    if options.mode == 'i':
        options.mode = 'interpreted'
    elif options.mode == 'r0':
        options.mode = 'reactive0'
    elif options.mode == 'p0':
        options.mode = 'proactive0'
    elif options.mode == 'p1':
        options.mode = 'proactive1'
    try:
        module_name = args[0]
    except IndexError:
        print 'Module must be specified'
        print ''
        op.print_usage()
        sys.exit(1)
    try:
        module = import_module(module_name)
    except ImportError, e:
        print 'Must be a valid python module'
        print 'e.g, full module name,'
        print '     no .py suffix,'
        print '     located on the system PYTHONPATH'
        print ''
        print 'Exception message for ImportError was:'
        print e
        sys.exit(1)

    main = module.main
    kwargs = { k : v for [k,v] in [ i.lstrip('--').split('=') for i in kwargs_to_pass ]}

    sys.setrecursionlimit(1500) #INCREASE THIS IF "maximum recursion depth exceeded"

    # Set up multiprocess logging.
    verbosity_map = { 'low' : logging.WARNING,
                      'normal' : logging.INFO,
                      'high' : logging.DEBUG,
                      'please-make-it-stop' : logging.DEBUG }
    logging_queue = Queue()

    # Make a logging process.
    def log_writer(queue, log_level):
        formatter = logging.Formatter('%(levelname)s:%(name)s: %(message)s')
        handler = logging.StreamHandler()
        handler.setFormatter(formatter)
        handler.setLevel(log_level)
        logger = logging.getLogger()
        logger.addHandler(handler)
        logger.setLevel(log_level)
        while(True):
            try:
                to_log = queue.get()
            except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
                print "\nkilling log"
                import sys
                sys.exit(0)
            logger.handle(to_log)
    log_level = verbosity_map.get(options.verbosity, logging.DEBUG)
    log_process = Process(target=log_writer,args=(logging_queue, log_level,))
    log_process.daemon = True
    log_process.start()

    # Set default handler.
    logger = logging.getLogger()
    handler = util.QueueStreamHandler(logging_queue)
    logger.addHandler(handler)
    logger.setLevel(log_level)

    runtime = Runtime(Backend(),main,kwargs,options.mode,options.verbosity)
    if not options.frontend_only:
        try:
            output = subprocess.check_output('echo $PYTHONPATH',shell=True).strip()
        except:
            print 'Error: Unable to obtain PYTHONPATH'
            sys.exit(1)
        poxpath = None
        for p in output.split(':'):
             if re.match('.*pox/?$',p):
                 poxpath = os.path.abspath(p)
                 break
        if poxpath is None:
            print 'Error: pox not found in PYTHONPATH'
            sys.exit(1)
        pox_exec = os.path.join(poxpath,'pox.py')
        python=sys.executable
        # TODO(josh): pipe pox_client stdout to subprocess.PIPE or
        # other log file descriptor if necessary
        of_client = subprocess.Popen([python, 
                                      pox_exec,
                                      '--verbose',
                                      'of_client.pox_client' ],
                                     stdout=sys.stdout,
                                     stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)

    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
    signal.pause()

也许我应该补充一点，我以 root 身份运行 PyCharm，因为启动控制器需要特权。

【问题讨论】：

标签： python pycharm

【解决方案1】：

我的项目在调试中运行，但在运行中失败。这在我修改期间发生了好几次。尝试的解决方案包括：

重启 PyCharm
更新中
更新到新的 PyCharm 安装
清除缓存
仅使用 python 文件开始一个新项目
等

有一件事为我解决了这个问题。

我进入“运行”菜单 -> “附加到本地进程..”
我选择了唯一可用的选项“pydevconsole.py”（名称后面还有一些进程 ID）。

问题解决了；它在运行和调试中都有效。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

我不确定您的具体情况。但是，为了调试POX 组件（在Pycharm 中），我使用以下代码：

import sys
sys.path.append('Address_to_POX_folder')
from pox import boot

def main():
    sys.argv.append(‘Your_POX_Component’)
    boot.boot()

if __name__=='__main__':
    main()

当我使用此代码在Pycharm 中运行POX 时，mininet 开关连接到POX 和我使用的组件（'Your_POX_Component'），我还可以调试我的组件（暂停运行并请参阅variable ...) 没有任何问题。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

检查您观看的表达式！ 如果你正在评估一些可调用（函数），它可能会影响调试期间的执行结果。

例如，你看语句喜欢

array.sort()

虽然这不是您程序中代码的一部分。在调试过程中，会调用这个 watch 并对你的列表进行排序，尽管你没有在你的主程序中进行任何排序。最后，您可能会得到意想不到的结果和执行之间的变化

【讨论】：