Oracle - 从审计表中获取多个条件的最新时间戳更新行

Question

我们有一个审计表，可以根据 Invoicenumber 跟踪不同表的更改以及 column_names、user、timestamp、oldvalue 和 newvalue。我需要检索特定发票编号的一组特定表和一组特定列的最新审计数据（最后一个时间戳）。

Invoice_Number	Table_Name	Column_Name	Timestamp	User	Old_Value	New_Value
112	A	1	10-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
112	B	1	11-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
112	A	2	11-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
114	B	1	12-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
112	A	2	13-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
122	B	2	13-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
122	A	5	13-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
112	A	2	15-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
114	B	3	16-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
112	B	2	18-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
112	A	1	10-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
142	B	1	11-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
102	A	2	11-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
184	B	1	12-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
142	D	2	13-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6
118	C	2	18-OCT-2021 12.00.00.111111	User1	7	6

现在我需要获取 112 号发票的最新更新记录，其中包含在（表 A 和第 1、2 列）中所做的更改以及在（表 B 和第 1,2 列）中所做的更改。

我尝试使用排名，但不知道如何将其扩展到一列之外。

Answer 1

从 Oracle 12 开始，您可以使用MATCH_RECOGNIZE：

SELECT *
FROM   (
  SELECT *
  FROM   table_name
  WHERE  invoice_number = 112
  AND    table_name IN ('A', 'B')
  AND    column_name IN (1, 2)
)
MATCH_RECOGNIZE (
  PARTITION BY /*invoice_number,*/ table_name, column_name
  ORDER     BY timestamp DESC
  ALL ROWS PER MATCH
  PATTERN (^ last_row)
  DEFINE  last_row AS 1 = 1
)

在早期版本中，您可以使用ROW_NUMBER解析函数：

SELECT *
FROM   (
  SELECT t.*,
         ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
           PARTITION BY /*invoice_number,*/ table_name, column_name
           ORDER     BY timestamp DESC
         ) AS rn
  FROM   table_name t
  WHERE  invoice_number = 112
  AND    table_name IN ('A', 'B')
  AND    column_name IN (1, 2)
)
WHERE  rn = 1;

注意：由于您只有一个 invoice_number，因此您无需将其包含在 PARTITION BY 子句中；但是，如果您有多个 invoice_numbers，那么您会想要。

其中，对于样本数据：

CREATE TABLE table_name (Invoice_Number, Table_Name, Column_Name, Timestamp, "USER", Old_Value, New_Value) AS
SELECT 112, 'A', 1, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-10 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 112, 'B', 1, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-11 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 112, 'A', 2, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-11 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 114, 'B', 1, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-12 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 112, 'A', 2, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-13 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 122, 'B', 2, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-13 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 122, 'A', 5, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-13 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 112, 'A', 2, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-15 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 114, 'B', 3, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-16 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 112, 'B', 2, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-18 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 112, 'A', 1, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-10 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 142, 'B', 1, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-11 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 102, 'A', 2, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-11 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 184, 'B', 1, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-12 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 142, 'D', 2, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-13 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 118, 'C', 2, TIMESTAMP '2021-10-18 12:00:00.111111', 'User1', 7, 6 FROM DUAL

输出：

TABLE_NAME	COLUMN_NAME	TIMESTAMP	INVOICE_NUMBER	USER	OLD_VALUE	NEW_VALUE
A	1	10-OCT-21 12.00.00.111111000	112	User1	7	6
A	2	15-OCT-21 12.00.00.111111000	112	User1	7	6
B	1	11-OCT-21 12.00.00.111111000	112	User1	7	6
B	2	18-OCT-21 12.00.00.111111000	112	User1	7	6

db小提琴here