【问题标题】:Attach text on path in Raphaël?在 Raphaël 的路径上附加文本?
【发布时间】:2011-02-06 10:51:44
【问题描述】:

有人知道如何在 Raphaël 中将文本附加到路径吗?类似http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/images/text/toap02.svg 我知道 jQuery SVG 可以做到这一点,但我找不到使用 Raphaël js 的简单方法。我想将此文本附加到贝塞尔曲线并移动它。

【问题讨论】:

标签: javascript canvas svg raphael


【解决方案1】:

有两种方法可以做到这一点。

  1. 更简单的方法是使用 Raphael .print() 方法。这可以将文本转换为路径。每个角色都有自己的路径。然后您可以遍历每个字符并使用 .translate().angle() 适当地移动和旋转它。

  2. 更难的方法是为 SVGVML 为 Raphael .text() 实现路径上的文本>.

下面是方法 1 的快速粗略开始,使用 .print()this font

window.onload = function() {
    var i, newP,
        R = Raphael("canvas",500,400),

          // Create our set of letter paths
        t = R.print(100, 0, "this is a test", R.getFont("whoa"), 30),

          // Create the path to follow
        p = R.path("M 50 100 C 100 50 150 0 200 50 C 250 100 300 150 350 100" +
                   " C 400 50 450 50 450 50").attr("stroke", "none"),
        pLen = p.getTotalLength(), // Length of path to follow
        tLen = t.length,           // Number of characters
        oneL = pLen/tLen;          // Average length of 1 character
          // You can also use .getBBox() for each character instead       

      // Position each character
    for (i = 0; i < tLen; i++) {

          // Get x,y of the path to follow
        newP = p.getPointAtLength(i * oneL);

          // Move the letter
        t[i].translate((i * oneL)-newP.x, newP.y); 
        t[i].attr("fill", Raphael.getColor());
    }
};​

Try it out with this jsFiddle

注意:上面的代码很粗糙,有一些重要的定位问题,但我认为一般的做法是用 Raphael 将文本放在路径上。

【讨论】:

    【解决方案2】:

    raphael 2.1 print() 函数不再返回一组路径,而是返回包含所有字母的单个路径。所以这里的所有解决方案都不适用于 raphael 2.1(当前版本)。我开发了以下小插件,将 printLetters() 方法添加到纸上,单独打印字母并返回一个集合,就像旧的 print() 方法一样。此外,该插件支持将此文本与路径对齐。例如,要使用插件对齐路径上的文本,您只需要这样做:

    var r = Raphael(0, 0, 500, 500);
    var path1 = "M 50 100 C 100 50 150 0 200 50" +
        " C 250 100 300 150 350 100" +
        " C 400 50 450 50 450 50";
    var text1 = r.printLetters(20, 150, "habia una vez una vaca",
            r.getFont("my underwood"), 30, null, null, path1).attr({
        fill : "red",
        stroke : "black"
    });
    

    而插件代码是:

    (function() {
        /**
         * do the job of putting all letters in a set returned bu printLetters in a path
         * @param p - can be a rpahael path obejct or string
         */
        var _printOnPath = function(text, paper, p) {
            if(typeof(p)=="string")
                p = paper.path(p).attr({stroke: "none"});
            for ( var i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {       
                var letter = text[i];
                var newP = p.getPointAtLength(letter.getBBox().x);
                var newTransformation = letter.transform()+
                     "T"+(newP.x-letter.getBBox().x)+","+
                    (newP.y-letter.getBBox().y-letter.getBBox().height);       
                //also rotate the letter to correspond the path angle of derivative
                newTransformation+="R"+
                    (newP.alpha<360 ? 180+newP.alpha : newP.alpha);
                letter.transform(newTransformation);
            }
        };
    
        /** print letter by letter, and return the set of letters (paths), just like the old raphael print() method did. */
        Raphael.fn.printLetters = function(x, y, str, font, size,
                letter_spacing, line_height, onpath) {
            letter_spacing=letter_spacing||size/1.5;
            line_height=line_height||size;
            this.setStart();
            var x_=x, y_=y;
            for ( var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
                if(str.charAt(i)!='\n') {
                    var letter = this.print(x_,y_,str.charAt(i),font,size);
                    x_+=letter_spacing;               
                }
                else {
                    x_=x;
                    y_+=line_height;
                }
            }
            var set = this.setFinish();
            if(onpath) {
                _printOnPath(set, this, onpath);
            }
            return set;
        };   
    })();
    

    【讨论】:

    【解决方案3】:

    这是基于raphael4gwt (java) 的代码,但我认为javascript 程序员可以轻松适应它。它基于拉斐尔 2.0。它类似于上面的解决方案,但更好。它使用转换字符串来绝对定位和旋转每个字母以将其放置在路径上:

    /* make some text follow a path */
    Font anchorFont = paper.getFont("Anchor Steam NF");
    Set text1 = paper.print(120,330,"a text that follows a path", anchorFont, 40);
    
    //the path where we want to place the text
    Path p = paper.path(
        "M 50 100 C 100 50 150 0 200 50" +
    " C 250 100 300 150 350 100" +
    " C 400 50 450 50 450 50");
    p.attr(Attrs.create().stroke("none"));//hide the path
    
    /* for each letter, we add an absolute translation to its 
     * transformation string and also add an absolute rotation 
     * to correspond to path angle of derivative. */
    for(int i = 0; i<text1.size(); i++) {
        Shape letter = text1.item(i);
    
        //get the point of a letter on the path
        Point newP = p.getPointAtLength(letter.getBBox().getX());
    
        String newTransformation = letter.getTransform()+                   
            "T"+(newP.getX()-letter.getBBox().getX())+","+
            (newP.getY()-letter.getBBox().getY()-letter.getBBox().getHeight());
    
        //also rotate the letter to correspond the path angle of derivative
        newTransformation+="R"+
            (newP.getAlpha()<360 ? 180+newP.getAlpha() : newP.getAlpha());
    
        letter.setTransform(newTransformation);         
    }
    

    【讨论】:

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