解释这一点的最简单方法是举个例子。示例使用以下密钥对:
var publicKey = `-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCfm2uMTvb+gqXRFxWHnfCKcHfH
v7aMN6oiEqTJj0BixtTYBXH89N+xuYgoIBnfMXPXPIg/UNWEOZtAETsOVvya+YBo
ZZTquYJ2I0PaxtpUKkpCiEQ/bTCQIDAeUwHr0l4vUn/fmslD0rZ3+jo4Dsl8nX0O
pwZQ2grQaXLb347RQwIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----`;
var privateKey = `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----`
由于空间原因,使用 1024 位密钥。但是请注意,出于安全原因,现在必须在实践中使用大小至少为 2048 位的 RSA 密钥。
使用此密钥对发布的 JavaScript 代码的一个可能输出是:
{
"v":"hybrid-crypto-js_0.2.4",
"iv":"qAoNKj6kM0whA07xOdeiPVLF2ntPjKXWXdmy0IhJmF0=",
"keys":{"e7:de:4a:da:6b:c8:ed:3a:bd:70:4d:87:23:99:9a:23:2a:ad:17:f8":"NvpGk/XyB+m+gC/d/Bzp16xXjxNKIJq4SAsz4y11OWQJa9K42jzjona18CJnsP6OZh/wmF709KgX7ZGYnqVGswQ0Q2PpLpG39t7ipj/N6taqkAy9Mydstt4Agdu5dQ8wLCSBpU3NNrgp6T06nI0Y1ISX2H45kgI47PeQnjYB4gQ="},
"cipher":"JZIHkdUd1NuKt2aj2OMdLQ=="
}
第一个元素是版本,第二个是 IV,第三个是使用 RSA/OAEP 加密的 AES 密钥,第四个是使用 AES-256/CBC 加密的密文,s。 Hybrid Crypto JS.
要解密密钥,可以使用发布的 Python/PyCryptodome 代码,将填充从 PKCS#1 v1.5 更改为 OAEP,并使用上述 RSA 密钥和密文:
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_OAEP
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
import base64
privateKey = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""
ciphertext = base64.b64decode("NvpGk/XyB+m+gC/d/Bzp16xXjxNKIJq4SAsz4y11OWQJa9K42jzjona18CJnsP6OZh/wmF709KgX7ZGYnqVGswQ0Q2PpLpG39t7ipj/N6taqkAy9Mydstt4Agdu5dQ8wLCSBpU3NNrgp6T06nI0Y1ISX2H45kgI47PeQnjYB4gQ=")
key = RSA.importKey(privateKey)
cipher = PKCS1_OAEP.new(key)
message = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext)
print(message.hex()) # 8ec759594b7cc96c44d624f5a58bf736a9f761f3191de2fd0ff1e5c2bb3a8868
现在可以解密实际的密文了:
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto.Util.Padding import unpad
from base64 import b64decode
iv = b64decode("qAoNKj6kM0whA07xOdeiPVLF2ntPjKXWXdmy0IhJmF0=")[:AES.block_size]
key = bytes.fromhex("8ec759594b7cc96c44d624f5a58bf736a9f761f3191de2fd0ff1e5c2bb3a8868")
ciphertext = b64decode("JZIHkdUd1NuKt2aj2OMdLQ==")
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
decrypted = unpad(cipher.decrypt(ciphertext), AES.block_size)
print(str(len(decrypted)) + " - " + decrypted.decode('utf-8')) # 12 - Hello world!
请注意,IV 的长度为 32 个字节,其中只有前 16 个字节(对应于 AES 块大小)用于 AES。
为了完整起见:JavaScript 代码密文中使用的指纹e7:de...17:f8 是 PKCS#1 格式的公钥的 SHA1 哈希,DER 编码。