使用带有 MICROSOFT.ACE.OLEDB.12.0 的 Powershell 在 CSV XML XLS XLSX XLSM 之间进行转换

Question

如何在不使用 Excel.Application 的情况下在 Powershell 中将 CSV、XLS、XLSM 和 XLSX 之间的文件转换为 CSV、XLS、XLSX 和 XML？我只想使用 MICROSOFT.ACE.OLEDB.12.0。

Answer 1

我先把它写成一个模块，然后更喜欢它作为一个 ps1 到 .include。 你也可以将它弹出到文件的顶部并在下面调用它。

关于不使用 excel 创建 excel 电子表格的说明：我不太擅长。它似乎正在处理我扔给它的数据。如果您有更好的方法来设置架构并写入文件，我会很喜欢，但我只需要成功，而不是优雅。

''''Powershell

<#
.SYNOPSIS
This function will take 2 filenames and use the excel application to convert from the first file to the second file.

.DESCRIPTION
This function allows you to use the full power of excel to open and save files. The infile can be any file that excel can open. The outfile can be xlsx, xls or csv. Also, there is an option to delete the destination file before runing the save operation to avoid prompts when overwriting, and to erase the origin file after the process has completed.

.EXAMPLE
Convert-OLEDB -infile 'Source.xls' -outfile 'destination.xlsx' -delete $true
Converts source.xls to xlsx file type.
Deletes source.xls when done.
Deletes destination.xlsx before it converts.

.EXAMPLE
Convert-OLEDB -infile 'Source.xlsx' -outfile 'destination.csv' 
Converts xlsx to csv.
Leaves both files behind when done.

.EXAMPLE
Convert-OLEDB -infile 'Source.csv' 
Converts infile Source.csv (or whatever format) to xlsx of the same name.
Leaves both behind when done.

.EXAMPLE
Convert-OLEDB -infile 'Source.xlsx' -Extension '.csv' 
Converts xlsx to csv. By passing just the extension it will use the same base file name.
Leaves both files behind when done.

.EXAMPLE
dir *.xls | Sort-Object -Property LastWriteTime | Convert-OLEDB -Extension ".csv"
Similar to above but uses the pipeline to do multiple conversions.
If full outfile name is given, it will create just one file over and over again. In this example it would go in chronological order creating csv files.

.EXAMPLE
Dir *.xls | Convert-OLEDB -extension ".csv" -delete $True | Convert-OLEDB -extension ".xls"
That's just weird, but it might solve your problem, and it works.

.PARAMETER infile
Name of the origin file to use. If the full path is not given it will be opened from the context the script is running in.

.PARAMETER outfile (extension)
Name of the destination file to create. If the full path is not given it will save in the default destination of Excel.

.PARAMETER delete
If $true it will delete the target location file if it exists before conversion and the origin file after conversion. Functions like a move with clobber.
If anything else or blank it will leave origin in place and if destination exists it will prompt for overwrite.
#>
function Convert-OLEDB{
    param(
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeLineByPropertyName=$True,ValueFromPipeline=$True)]
        [Alias('FullName')]
        [string] $infile,
        [Alias('Extension')]
        [string] $outfile,
        [bool] $delete

    )
    Begin {
        $begin_outfile = $outfile

        $oledb = (New-Object system.data.oledb.oledbenumerator).GetElements() | Sort -Property SOURCES_NAME | where {$_.SOURCES_NAME -like "Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB*"} | Select -Last 1
        If ($oledb -eq $null) {
            Write-Output "MICROSOFT.ACE.OLEDB does not seem to exist on this computer."
            Write-Output "Please see https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=54920"
            Write-Output "This can also happen if you have not installed the 32 or 64 bit version "
            Write-Output "and you are running this script in the architecture that is missing it."
            Write-Output "Solution is to do silent install on missing driver"
            break
        } else {
            $Provider=$Oledb.SOURCES_NAME
            Write-Verbose "Provider $Provider found on this computer"
        }    
    }

    Process{
    #Check infile 
        if (-not($infile)) {
            Write-Output "You must supply a value for -infile"
            break
        }
        else {
            Try {
                $file = Get-Item $infile
                $OleDbConn = New-Object "System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection"; 
                $OleDbCmd = New-Object "System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand";
                $OleDbAdapter = New-Object "System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter";
                $DataTable = New-Object "System.Data.DataTable";
                $Source = $file.FullName

                Switch($file.Extension){
                    ".xls" {$OleDbConn.ConnectionString = "Provider=$Provider;Data Source=""$Source"";Extended Properties=""EXCEL 12.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1"";"}
                    ".xlsx" {$OleDbConn.ConnectionString = "Provider=$Provider;Data Source=""$Source"";Extended Properties=""EXCEL 12.0 XML;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1"";"}
                    ".xlsm" {$OleDbConn.ConnectionString = "Provider=$Provider;Data Source=""$Source"";Extended Properties=""EXCEL 12.0 MACRO;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1"";"}
                    Default {
                        $Source = $file.DirectoryName                        
                        $OleDbConn.ConnectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=""$Source"";Extended Properties=""text;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1"";"
                        }
                }
                $OleDbCmd.Connection = $OleDbConn;
                $OleDbConn.Open();
                Switch($file.Extension){
                    {$_ -in (".xls", ".xlsx",".xlsm")} {$FirstSheet = $OleDbConn.getSchema("Tables")[0].Table_Name}
                    Default {$FirstSheet = $file.Name}
                }
                $OleDbCmd.CommandText = "select * from [$FirstSheet];”
                $OleDbAdapter.SelectCommand = $OleDbCmd;

                $RowsReturned = $OleDbAdapter.Fill($DataTable);
                $OleDbConn.Close();
            }
            Catch {Write-Output "$infile does not seem to exist, or I can't get to it"; break}
        }

    #Check outfile
        #Reset value for pipeline loop            
        $outfile = $begin_outfile

        #If blank just presume xlsx
        if (-not($outfile)) {
            $outfile = $file.FullName -replace '\.[^.]+$',".xlsx"
            Write-Verbose "No outfile supplied, setting outfile to $outfile"
        }

        #If startswith a dot, use as an extension.
        If ($outfile.StartsWith(".")) {
            $outfile = $file.FullName -replace '\.[^.]+$',$outfile
            Write-Verbose "Extension supplied, setting outfile to $outfile"
        }

        if ($file.FullName -eq $outfile) {
            #Nobody needs us to create a copy of an existing file.
            write-verbose "Goal already achieved, moving on"
        }
        Else {
            if(Test-Path ($outfile)){
                #Avoid prompting to overwrite by removing an existing file of the same name
                Remove-Item -path ($outfile)
            }

            Try {
                #derive XlFileFormat from extension
                if($outfile -cmatch '\.[^.]+$') {
                    $extens="" #Reset for pipeline loop
                    switch ($Matches[0]) 
                    {
                        ".csv"  {
                            #Out to CSV
                            $DataTable | Export-Csv "$outfile" -NoTypeInformation
                        }
                        ".xml"  {    
                            #Simple, poorly formed:
                            #$DataTable.TableName = $FirstSheet
                            #$DataTable.WriteXml("$outfile")

                            #BetterForm, strongly Typed, empty/Null differentiation
                            Export-Clixml -Path "$outfile" -InputObject $DataTable
                        }
                        Default  {
                            #Out to xlsx
                            $OleDbConnOut = New-Object "System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection"; 
                            $OleDbCmdOut = New-Object "System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand";
                            $OleDbAdapterOut = New-Object "System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter";
                            $DataTable2 = New-Object "System.Data.DataTable";

                            If($Matches[0] -eq ".xls"){$ext_swap = ""}
                            If($Matches[0] -eq ".xlsx"){$ext_swap = " XML"}

                            $OleDbConnOut.ConnectionString = "Provider=$Provider;Data Source=""$outfile"";MODE=ReadWrite;Extended Properties=""Excel 12.0$ext_swap"";"
                            $OleDbCmdOut.Connection = $OleDbConnOut;
                            $OleDbConnOut.Open();

                            $Create = "CREATE TABLE [Sheet2] ("
                            $Stuff = "INSERT INTO [Sheet2] ("
                            $Stuff2 = "VALUES ("
                            $DataTable.Columns | % {
                                $name = $_.ColumnName.Replace("#",".")
                                $Type = $_.DataType
                                $Stuff += "[$name], "
                                $Stuff2 += "?, "
                                $Create += "[$name] $Type, "
                                $atname = "@" + $name
                            }
                            $Stuff = $Stuff.TrimEnd(", ") + ")"
                            $Stuff2 = $Stuff2.TrimEnd(", ") + ")"
                            $Create = $Create.TrimEnd(", ") + ")"
                            $OleDbCmdOut.CommandText = $Create
                            $UpdateCount = $OleDbCmdOut.ExecuteNonQuery()

                            $OleDbAdapterOut.InsertCommand = $Stuff + " " + $Stuff2

                            $DataTable | % {
                                $Insert = "INSERT INTO [Sheet2] VALUES ("
                                $_.ItemArray | % {
                                    $val = $_
                                    $Type = $_.GetType().Name

                                    switch ($Type) {
                                    "Double" {
                                        #Write "$Type"
                                        $Insert += "$val, "
                                        }            
                                    "DBNull" {
                                        #Write "$Type"
                                        $Insert += "NULL, "
                                        }
                                    Default {
                                        #Write "$Type"
                                        $val = $val.Replace("""","""""")
                                        $Insert += """$val"", "
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                $Insert = $Insert.TrimEnd(", ") + ")"
                                $OleDbCmdOut.CommandText = $Insert
                                Try {
                                    Write-Verbose "Attempting to run this command: $Insert"
                                    $updatedcount = $OleDbCmdOut.ExecuteNonQuery()
                                }
                                Catch{Write-Output "$Error[0] /nIt seems like there was a problem with this command: $Insert"}
                            }
                            $OleDbConnOut.Close();

                            }
                        }
                    }
                else {
                    Write-Output "Unable to determine the output file extenstion, this really shouldn''t happen"
                    break #if it can't find an extension in regex
                }
            }
            Catch {
                Write-Host "Unable to convert file $file because powershell with OLEDB cannot open or save it without help"
                break
            }
            if ($delete) {#If asked to delete
                if(Test-Path ($outfile)){ #And a file now exists where outfile said it should be
                    if(Test-Path ($infile)){ #And there is a file at infile
                        Remove-Item -path ($infile) #Delete it
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    End{
        #Cleanup

    }
}

'''