【问题标题】:SQL Server table audit triggerSQL Server 表审核触发器
【发布时间】:2016-09-18 19:15:32
【问题描述】:

我有两张桌子CustomersAuditTable。当我修改Customers表时,需要在AuditTable中插入一条新记录:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[AuditTable]
(
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [StateBefore] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
    [StateAfter] [nvarchar](max) NULL
) 

我需要在更新前后将Customer 状态的XML 表示放入StateBeforeStateAfter

Customer 表是:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Customer]
(
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [Name] [nvarchar](256) NOT NULL,
    [Email] [nvarchar](max) NOT NULL,
    [IsDeleted] [bit] NULL,
    [CreatedUtc] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [UpdatedUtc] [datetime] NULL,
    [Version] [timestamp] NOT NULL,

    CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.Customer] 
        PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id] ASC)
           WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, 
                 IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON,  
                 ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON)
)
GO

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Customer] 
   ADD DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [CreatedUtc]
GO

我找到了获取行的 xml 表示的方法:

SELECT
    [State] = (SELECT *
               FROM dbo.Customer [Customer]
               WHERE [Customer].Id = cust.Id
               FOR XML AUTO
              )
FROM 
    dbo.Customer cust

只是举例。所以在我的触发器中,我需要从 deletedinserted 表中创建行的 xml 表示。

这里是触发器:

ALTER TRIGGER [dbo].[UpdateCustomerTrigger]
ON [dbo].[Customer]
FOR UPDATE
AS 
BEGIN
    UPDATE Customer 
    SET UpdatedUtc = GETDATE()
    FROM INSERTED
    WHERE inserted.id = Customer.Id

    -- here I need to insert new records into AuditTable
END

那么,我怎样才能加入deletedinserted 表的两个表示以正确地将它们插入AuditTable?谢谢。

【问题讨论】:

    标签: sql sql-server xml tsql


    【解决方案1】:

    很高兴您已经找到了解决方案...

    我只是在想类似的事情......

    您的方法将在任何微小的变化时复制两份完整记录。由于我必须处理包含很多列的表,其中一些是 BLOB,这不适合我。

    嗯,我没有找到绝对“干净”的方法,但是通过以下方式,您将获得一个 AuditLog,其中仅包含已更改为更好阅读样式的值。

    也许你喜欢它:

    Test.scenario

    编辑:添加了对 INSERTDELETENULL 值的支持。

    试试看:

    CREATE TABLE AuditTest(TableSchema VARCHAR(250), TableName VARCHAR(250), AuditType VARCHAR(250),Content XML, LogDate DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE());
    GO
    
    CREATE TABLE dbo.Test(ID INT,Test1 VARCHAR(100),Test2 DATETIME,ModifyCounter INT DEFAULT 0,LastModified DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE());
    INSERT INTO dbo.Test(ID,Test1,Test2) VALUES
     (1,'Test1',{d'2001-01-01'})
    ,(2,'Test2',{d'2002-02-02'});
    

    --当前内容

    SELECT * FROM dbo.Test;
    GO
    

    --审计的触发器

    CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[UpdateTestTrigger]
    ON [dbo].[Test]
    FOR UPDATE,INSERT,DELETE
    AS 
    BEGIN
       IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted) RETURN;
    
       DECLARE @tp VARCHAR(10)=CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted) THEN 'upd'
                               ELSE CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted) THEN 'del' ELSE 'ins' END END;
       WITH UpdateableCTE AS
       (
        SELECT t.LastModified,t.ModifyCounter 
        FROM dbo.Test AS t
        INNER JOIN inserted AS i ON t.ID=i.ID
       )
       UPDATE UpdateableCTE SET LastModified=GETDATE()
                               ,ModifyCounter=ModifyCounter+1;
    
       SELECT * INTO #tmpInserted FROM inserted;
       SELECT * INTO #tmpDeleted FROM deleted;
    
       DECLARE @tableSchema VARCHAR(250)='dbo';
       DECLARE @tableName   VARCHAR(250)='Test';
    
       DECLARE @cols VARCHAR(MAX)=
       STUFF
       (
       (
        SELECT ',' + CASE WHEN @tp='upd' THEN 
               'CASE WHEN (i.[' + COLUMN_NAME + ']!=d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] ' +
               'OR (i.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NULL AND d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NOT NULL) ' + 
               'OR (i.['+ COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NOT NULL AND d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NULL)) ' +
               'THEN ' ELSE '' END +
               '(SELECT ''' + COLUMN_NAME + ''' AS [@name]' + 
                             CASE WHEN @tp IN ('upd','del') THEN ',ISNULL(CAST(d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] AS NVARCHAR(MAX)),N''##NULL##'') AS [@old]' ELSE '' END + 
                             CASE WHEN @tp IN ('ins','upd') THEN ',ISNULL(CAST(i.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] AS NVARCHAR(MAX)),N''##NULL##'') AS [@new] ' ELSE '' END + 
                      ' FOR XML PATH(''Column''),TYPE) ' + CASE WHEN @tp='upd' THEN 'END' ELSE '' END
        FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=@tableSchema AND TABLE_NAME=@tableName
        FOR XML PATH('')
       ),1,1,''
       );
    
        DECLARE @cmd VARCHAR(MAX)=   
        'SET LANGUAGE ENGLISH;
        WITH ChangedColumns AS
        (
        SELECT COALESCE(i.ID,d.ID) AS ID
                ,Col.*  
        FROM #tmpInserted AS i
        FULL OUTER JOIN #tmpDeleted AS d ON i.ID=d.ID
        CROSS APPLY
        (
            SELECT ' + @cols + ' 
            FOR XML PATH(''''),TYPE
        ) AS Col([Column])
        )
        INSERT INTO AuditTest(TableSchema,TableName,AuditType,Content)
        SELECT ''' + @tableSchema + ''',''' + @tableName + ''',''' + @tp + '''
        ,(
        SELECT ''' + @tableSchema + ''' AS [@TableSchema]
                ,''' + @tableName + ''' AS [@TableName]
                ,''' + @tp + ''' AS [@ActionType]
        ,(
            SELECT ChangedColumns.ID AS [@ID]
            ,(
            SELECT x.[Column] AS [*],''''
            FROM ChangedColumns AS x WHERE x.ID=ChangedColumns.ID
            FOR XML PATH(''''),TYPE
            )
            FROM ChangedColumns
            FOR XML PATH(''Row''),TYPE
            )
        FOR XML PATH(''Changes'')
        );';
    
        EXEC (@cmd);
    
       DROP TABLE #tmpInserted;
       DROP TABLE #tmpDeleted;
    END
    GO
    

    --现在我们用一些操作来测试一下:

    UPDATE dbo.Test SET Test1='New 1' WHERE ID=1;
    UPDATE dbo.Test SET Test1='New 1',Test2={d'2000-01-01'} ;
    DELETE FROM dbo.Test WHERE ID=2;
    DELETE FROM dbo.Test WHERE ID=99; --no affect
    INSERT INTO dbo.Test(ID,Test1,Test2) VALUES
     (3,'Test3',{d'2001-03-03'})
    ,(4,'Test4',{d'2001-04-04'})
    ,(5,'Test5',{d'2001-05-05'});
    UPDATE dbo.Test SET Test2=NULL; --all rows
    DELETE FROM dbo.Test WHERE ID IN (1,3);
    GO
    

    --检查最终状态

    SELECT * FROM dbo.Test;
    SELECT * FROM AuditTest;
    GO
    

    --清理

    DROP TABLE dbo.Test;
    GO
    DROP TABLE dbo.AuditTest;
    GO
    

    第二个动作的结果:更新两行

    <Changes TableSchema="dbo" TableName="Test" ActionType="upd">
      <Row ID="2">
        <Column name="Test1" old="Test2" new="New 1" />
        <Column name="Test2" old="Feb  2 2002 12:00AM" new="Jan  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      </Row>
      <Row ID="1">
        <Column name="Test2" old="Jan  1 2001 12:00AM" new="Jan  1 2000 12:00AM" />
      </Row>
    </Changes>
    

    INSERT 操作的结果:三个新行

    <Changes TableSchema="dbo" TableName="Test" ActionType="ins">
      <Row ID="5">
        <Column name="ID" new="5" />
        <Column name="Test1" new="Test5" />
        <Column name="Test2" new="May  5 2001 12:00AM" />
        <Column name="ModifyCounter" new="0" />
        <Column name="LastModified" new="Aug 18 2017  5:48PM" />
      </Row>
      <Row ID="4">
        <Column name="ID" new="4" />
        <Column name="Test1" new="Test4" />
        <Column name="Test2" new="Apr  4 2001 12:00AM" />
        <Column name="ModifyCounter" new="0" />
        <Column name="LastModified" new="Aug 18 2017  5:48PM" />
      </Row>
      <Row ID="3">
        <Column name="ID" new="3" />
        <Column name="Test1" new="Test3" />
        <Column name="Test2" new="Mar  3 2001 12:00AM" />
        <Column name="ModifyCounter" new="0" />
        <Column name="LastModified" new="Aug 18 2017  5:48PM" />
      </Row>
    </Changes>
    

    上次DELETE 操作的结果

    <Changes TableSchema="dbo" TableName="Test" ActionType="del">
      <Row ID="3">
        <Column name="ID" old="3" />
        <Column name="Test1" old="Test3" />
        <Column name="Test2" old="##NULL##" />
        <Column name="ModifyCounter" old="2" />
        <Column name="LastModified" old="Aug 18 2017  5:48PM" />
      </Row>
      <Row ID="1">
        <Column name="ID" old="1" />
        <Column name="Test1" old="New 1" />
        <Column name="Test2" old="##NULL##" />
        <Column name="ModifyCounter" old="3" />
        <Column name="LastModified" old="Aug 18 2017  5:48PM" />
      </Row>
    </Changes>
    

    【讨论】:

    • 很好的解决方案!我喜欢它,但性能如何?
    • @AlexeyKu 好吧,触发器中的任何解决方案都会有所帮助。根据表的大小和复杂性,您的方法也会变得非常饥饿......如果您想保持其通用性并且您可能处理不同的键类型(多列! ),还有一点是需要存储当前用户(谁负责?)。通常这是一个应用程序驱动的概念...最大的优势是:最后一次修改 FirstName 的 ID=123 是什么时候?尝试用你的保存所有内容回答这个问题i> 方法:-)
    【解决方案2】:

    我找到了解决方案。这是触发代码:

    USE [ISContext]
    GO
    /****** Object:  Trigger [dbo].[UpdateCustomerTrigger]    Script Date: 22.05.2016 10:40:39 ******/
    SET ANSI_NULLS ON
    GO
    SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
    GO
    ALTER TRIGGER [dbo].[UpdateCustomerTrigger]
    ON [dbo].[Customer]
    FOR UPDATE
    AS 
    BEGIN
        UPDATE Customer SET UpdatedUtc = GETDATE()
        FROM INSERTED
        WHERE inserted.id=Customer.Id
    
        INSERT INTO [dbo].[AuditTable]
        SELECT
        StateBefore = 
        (
            SELECT *
            FROM deleted [Customer]
            WHERE [Customer].Id = cust.Id
            FOR XML AUTO
        ),
        [StateAfter] =(
            SELECT *
            FROM inserted [Customer]
            WHERE [Customer].Id = cust.Id
            FOR XML AUTO
        )
        FROM inserted cust
    END
    

    【讨论】:

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