我将重复“必须自己做”的明显解决方案。这是代码的简洁 C++11 版本,适用于简单的类和类模板:
#define DECLARE_SELF(Type) \
typedef Type TySelf; /**< @brief type of this class */ \
/** checks the consistency of TySelf type (calling it has no effect) */ \
void self_check() \
{ \
static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(*((TySelf*)(0))), \
decltype(*this)>::value, "TySelf is not what it should be"); \
} \
enum { static_self_check_token = __LINE__ }; \
static_assert(int(static_self_check_token) == \
int(TySelf::static_self_check_token), \
"TySelf is not what it should be")
您可以在ideone 看到它的实际应用。导致此结果的起源如下:
#define DECLARE_SELF(Type) typedef Type _TySelf; /**< @brief type of this class */
struct XYZ {
DECLARE_SELF(XYZ)
};
这有一个明显的问题是将代码复制粘贴到不同的类并忘记更改 XYZ,如下所示:
struct ABC {
DECLARE_SELF(XYZ) // !!
};
我的第一个方法不是很原始 - 制作一个函数,如下所示:
/**
* @brief namespace for checking the _TySelf type consistency
*/
namespace __self {
/**
* @brief compile-time assertion (_TySelf must be declared the same as the type of class)
*
* @tparam _TySelf is reported self type
* @tparam _TyDecltypeThis is type of <tt>*this</tt>
*/
template <class _TySelf, class _TyDecltypeThis>
class CSELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE;
/**
* @brief compile-time assertion (specialization for assertion passing)
* @tparam _TySelf is reported self type (same as type of <tt>*this</tt>)
*/
template <class _TySelf>
class CSELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE<_TySelf, _TySelf> {};
/**
* @brief static assertion helper type
* @tparam n_size is size of object being used as assertion message
* (if it's a incomplete type, compiler will display object name in error output)
*/
template <const size_t n_size>
class CStaticAssert {};
/**
* @brief helper function for self-check, this is used to derive type of this
* in absence of <tt>decltype()</tt> in older versions of C++
*
* @tparam _TyA is reported self type
* @tparam _TyB is type of <tt>*this</tt>
*/
template <class _TyA, class _TyB>
inline void __self_check_helper(_TyB *UNUSED(p_this))
{
typedef CStaticAssert<sizeof(CSELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE<_TyA, _TyB>)> _TyAssert;
// make sure that the type reported as self and type of *this is the same
}
/**
* @def __SELF_CHECK
* @brief declares the body of __self_check() function
*/
#define __SELF_CHECK \
/** checks the consistency of _TySelf type (calling it has no effect) */ \
inline void __self_check() \
{ \
__self::__self_check_helper<_TySelf>(this); \
}
/**
* @def DECLARE_SELF
* @brief declares _TySelf type and adds code to make sure that it is indeed a correct one
* @param[in] Type is type of the enclosing class
*/
#define DECLARE_SELF(Type) \
typedef Type _TySelf; /**< @brief type of this class */ \
__SELF_CHECK
} // ~self
有点长,但请耐心等待。这具有在没有decltype 的情况下在C++03 中工作的优势,因为__self_check_helper 函数用于推断this 的类型。此外,没有static_assert,而是采用了sizeof() 技巧。对于 C++0x,你可以让它更短。现在这不适用于模板。此外,宏的末尾不期望分号还有一个小问题,如果使用 pedantic 编译,它会抱怨额外的不必要的分号(或者您将留下一个看起来很奇怪的宏,在 @ 的正文中不以分号结尾987654331@ 和 ABC)。
检查传递给DECLARE_SELF 的Type 不是一种选择,因为这只会检查XYZ 类(没问题),而忽略了ABC(有错误)。然后它就撞到了我。使用模板的无额外存储零成本解决方案:
namespace __self {
/**
* @brief compile-time assertion (_TySelf must be declared the same as the type of class)
* @tparam b_check is the asserted value
*/
template <bool b_check>
class CSELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE2;
/**
* @brief compile-time assertion (specialization for assertion passing)
*/
template <>
class CSELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE2<true> {};
/**
* @def DECLARE_SELF
* @brief declares _TySelf type and adds code to make sure that it is indeed a correct one
* @param[in] Type is type of the enclosing class
*/
#define DECLARE_SELF(Type) \
typedef Type _TySelf; /**< @brief type of this class */ \
__SELF_CHECK \
enum { __static_self_check_token = __LINE__ }; \
typedef __self::CStaticAssert<sizeof(CSELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE2<int(__static_self_check_token) == int(_TySelf::__static_self_check_token)>)> __static_self_check
} // ~__self
这只是对唯一的枚举值进行静态断言(或者至少是唯一的,以防你没有将所有代码都写在一行上),没有使用类型比较技巧,它作为静态断言工作,即使在模板中。作为奖励 - 现在需要最后的分号:)。
我要感谢 Yakk 给了我很好的启发。如果没有先看到他的答案,我不会写这篇文章。
使用 VS 2008 和 g++ 4.6.3 测试。事实上,对于 XYZ 和 ABC 示例,它会抱怨:
ipolok@ivs:~$ g++ self.cpp -c -o self.o
self.cpp:91:5: error: invalid application of âsizeofâ to incomplete type â__self::CSELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE2<false>â
self.cpp:91:5: error: template argument 1 is invalid
self.cpp: In function âvoid __self::__self_check_helper(_TyB*) [with _TyA = XYZ, _TyB = ABC]â:
self.cpp:91:5: instantiated from here
self.cpp:58:87: error: invalid application of âsizeofâ to incomplete type â__self::CSELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE<XYZ, ABC>â
现在如果我们将 ABC 设为模板:
template <class X>
struct ABC {
DECLARE_SELF(XYZ); // line 92
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
ABC<int> abc;
return 0;
}
我们会得到:
ipolok@ivs:~$ g++ self.cpp -c -o self.o
self.cpp: In instantiation of âABC<int>â:
self.cpp:97:18: instantiated from here
self.cpp:92:9: error: invalid application of âsizeofâ to incomplete type â__self::CSELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE2<false>â
仅触发行号检查,因为未编译函数检查(如预期的那样)。
使用 C++0x(并且没有邪恶的下划线),您只需要:
namespace self_util {
/**
* @brief compile-time assertion (tokens in class and TySelf must match)
* @tparam b_check is the asserted value
*/
template <bool b_check>
class SELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE;
/**
* @brief compile-time assertion (specialization for assertion passing)
*/
template <>
class SELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE<true> {};
/**
* @brief static assertion helper type
* @tparam n_size is size of object being used as assertion message
* (if it's a incomplete type, compiler will display object name in error output)
*/
template <const size_t n_size>
class CStaticAssert {};
#define SELF_CHECK \
/** checks the consistency of TySelf type (calling it has no effect) */ \
void self_check() \
{ \
static_assert(std::is_same<TySelf, decltype(*this)>::value, "TySelf is not what it should be"); \
}
#define DECLARE_SELF(Type) \
typedef Type TySelf; /**< @brief type of this class */ \
SELF_CHECK \
enum { static_self_check_token = __LINE__ }; \
typedef self_util::CStaticAssert<sizeof(SELF_TYPE_MUST_BE_THE_SAME_AS_CLASS_TYPE<int(static_self_check_token) == int(TySelf::static_self_check_token)>)> static_self_check
} // ~self_util
遗憾的是,我相信 CStaticAssert 位仍然是必需的,因为它会生成一个类型,该类型在模板主体中是 typedef-ed(我想 static_assert 不能这样做)。这种方法的优势仍然是它的零成本。