使用漂亮的汤或硒从网站上抓取所有链接

Question

我想抓取网站拥有的所有链接，并希望将它们过滤掉，以便稍后获取它们。

问题是给定一个 URL 让我们说

URL = "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/"

我的刮刀应该刮掉并提供诸如

之类的网址

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51284071/how-to-get-all-the-link-in-page-using-selenium-python
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36927366/how-to-get-the-link-to-all-the-pages-of-a-website-for-data-scrapping 
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46468032/python-selenium-automatically-load-more-pages

目前，我从 StackOverflow 借用了代码

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def recursiveUrl(url, link, depth):
    if depth == 10:
        return url
    else:
        # print(link['href'])
        page = requests.get(url + link['href'])
        soup = BeautifulSoup(page.text, 'html.parser')
        newlink = soup.find('a')
        if len(newlink) == 0:
            return link
        else:
            return link, recursiveUrl(url, newlink, depth + 1)
def getLinks(url):
    page = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(page.text, 'html.parser')
    links = soup.find_all('a')
    for link in links:
      try:
        links.append(recursiveUrl(url, link, 0))
      except Exception as e:
        pass
    return links
links = getLinks("https://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/news/")
print(links)

我认为不是浏览所有页面，而是浏览网页中提供的所有超链接。

我也提到过这个

link = "https://www.businesswire.com/news"

from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector
from scrapy.spider import BaseSpider
from scrapy.http import Request

DOMAIN = link
URL = 'http://%s' % DOMAIN

class MySpider(BaseSpider):
    name = DOMAIN
    allowed_domains = [DOMAIN]
    start_urls = [
        URL
    ]

    def parse(self, response):
        hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response)
        for url in hxs.select('//a/@href').extract():
            if not ( url.startswith('http://') or url.startswith('https://') ):
                url= URL + url
            print (url)
            yield Request(url, callback=self.parse)

但这太旧了，无法正常工作。

刮痧对我来说是新的，所以我可能会陷入一些基本的基础。

让我知道如何解决这个问题。

Answer 1

import unittest
import pytest
from selenium import webdriver

class TestHabilitado(unittest.TestCase):
  def setUp(self):
    self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    self.vars = {}

  def test_habilitado(self):
    self.driver.get("https://stackoverflow.com/questions")

    for link in self.driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//a[contains(@class,'question-hyperlink')]"):
        url=link.get_attribute("href")
        print(url)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

我认为这可能是有效的。您必须安装 Selenium 依赖项并下载 firefox Selenium 驱动程序。接下来执行这个脚本。

输出： python stackoverflow.py https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61519440/how-do-i-trigger-a-celery-task-from-django-admin https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61519439/how-to-add-rows-in-consecutive-blocks-in-excel https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61519437/not-null-constraint-failed-api-userlog-browser-info-id-when-i-want-to-add-show https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61519435/dart-parse-date-with-0000 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61519434/is-there-a-way-to-reduce-the-white-pixels-in-a-invereted-image https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61519433/querying-datastore-using-some-of-the-indexed-properties https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61519431/model-checkpoint-doesnt-create-a-directory https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61519430/why-is-the-event-dispatched-by-window-not-captured-by-other-elements https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61519426/live-sass-complier-in-vs-code-unfortunately-stopped-working-while-coding ……

Answer 2

使用requests 和bs4 的一种解决方案：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url = "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/"
html = requests.get(url).content
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")

# Find all <a> in your HTML that have a not null 'href'. Keep only 'href'.
links = [a["href"] for a in soup.find_all("a", href=True)]
print(links)

输出：

[
    "#",
    "https://stackoverflow.com",
    "#",
    "/teams/customers",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/advertising",
    "#",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/users/login?ssrc=head&returnurl=https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2fquestions%2f",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/users/signup?ssrc=head&returnurl=%2fusers%2fstory%2fcurrent",
    "https://stackoverflow.com",
...

如果您想保留questions 链接，那么：

print(
    [
        link
        if link.startswith("https://stackoverflow.com")
        else f"https://stackoverflow.com{link}"
        for link in links
        if "/questions/" in link
    ]
)

输出：

[
    "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61523359/assembly-nasm-print-ascii-table-using-a-range-determined-by-input",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/assembly",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/input",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/range",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ascii",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/nasm",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61523356/can-i-inject-an-observable-from-a-parent-component-into-a-child-component",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/angular",
    "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/redux",
...
]