如何传递参数并以所需格式输出答案

【问题标题】：How to pass parameters and output in the required format如何传递参数并以所需格式输出
【发布时间】：2021-11-11 16:53:47
【问题描述】：

confirmerror(){
trimline|awk -F ':' '{if($5 != "") print}'
}
result(){
deviceName=$($1|awk '{print $4}')
processId=$($1|awk '{print $5}'|awk -F '[^0-9]*' '{print $2}')
processName=$($1|awk '{print $5}')
description=$($1|awk '{print $6,$7,$8,$9}')
echo $deviceName
echo $processId
echo $processName
echo $description
}
confirmerror | while read line; do result $line; done

函数confirmerror的输出：

May 13 00:01:58 BBAOMACBOOKAIR2 com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.apple.mdworker.bundles[12513]): Could not find uid associated with service: 0: Undefined error: 0 501
May 13 00:01:58 BBAOMACBOOKAIR2 com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.apple.mdworker.bundles[12513]): Service exited with abnormal code: 78
May 13 00:02:12 BBAOMACBOOKAIR2 com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.apple.xpc.launchd.domain.pid.mdmclient.12523): Failed to bootstrap path: path = /usr/libexec/mdmclient, error = 108: Invalid path

需要读取函数x的每一行，处理后得到对应的格式输出，上面是我的尝试，但是失败了，所以来求教。

我想要什么：

BBAOMACBOOKAIR2 
1
com.apple.xpc.launchd[1]
(com.apple.mdworker.bundles[12513]): Could not find uid associated with service: 0: Undefined error: 0 501
BBAOMACBOOKAIR2
1
com.apple.xpc.launchd[1]
(com.apple.mdworker.bundles[12513]): Service exited with abnormal code: 78
BBAOMACBOOKAIR2
1
com.apple.xpc.launchd[1]
(com.apple.xpc.launchd.domain.pid.mdmclient.12523): Failed to bootstrap path: path = /usr/libexec/mdmclient, error = 108: Invalid path

【问题讨论】：

while read line; do confirmerror $(result $line); done
@DanielHornik 不工作
需要以函数的形式完成，而不是单独的awk文件。
不要使用 shell 读取循环来操作文本，请参阅 why-is-using-a-shell-loop-to-process-text-considered-bad-practice。此外，您的脚本中有多个 shell 错误，请复制/粘贴该脚本以及您编写的任何其他 shell 脚本，直到您将基本原理弄清楚到 shellcheck.net 并修复它告诉您的基本问题。
您的问题中没有示例输入，并且您正在调用您未定义的名为 trimline 的工具或函数，因此请了解我们如何帮助您解决问题。正确的解决方案不是多次调用 awk 的 shell 脚本。再试一次，用awk标记你的问题。

标签： shell awk

【解决方案1】：

我认为，对于这项工作来说太复杂了。你有 awk，所以用它来完成工作。

文件：error.awk

{
    gsub(/^ */, "", $0)
    gsub(/ *$/, "", $0)
    FS = ":"
    if ($5 == "") {
        next
    }
}
{
    FS = " "
    deviceName = $4
    processId = $5
    gsub(/^.*\[/, "", processId)
    gsub(/\].*$/, "", processId)
    processName = $5
    $1 = $2 = $3 = $4 = $5 = ""
    gsub(/^ */, "", $0)
    description = $0
    print deviceName
    print processId
    print processName
    print description
}

并使用它：

output_command_or_cat_filename | awk -f error.awk

输出：

BBAOMACBOOKAIR2
1
com.apple.xpc.launchd[1]
(com.apple.mdworker.bundles[12513]): Could not find uid associated with service: 0: Undefined error: 0 501
BBAOMACBOOKAIR2
1
com.apple.xpc.launchd[1]
(com.apple.mdworker.bundles[12513]): Service exited with abnormal code: 78
BBAOMACBOOKAIR2
1
com.apple.xpc.launchd[1]
(com.apple.xpc.launchd.domain.pid.mdmclient.12523): Failed to bootstrap path: path = /usr/libexec/mdmclient, error = 108: Invalid path

【讨论】：

在error.awk中添加$5作为模式，你也可以去掉confirm error：trimline | awk -f error.awk
@chepner：我已经用 trim 和 $5 过滤器更新了 awk 代码
@ArnaudValmary 语法错误附近出现意外符号 `/^'
@YYZZYY：这不是 bash 程序。这是awk程序。将此命令与以下命令一起使用：cat error.txt | awk -f error.awk。或者，如果您想像 shell 脚本一样执行它，请在第一行添加：#! /bin/awk -f 以及执行它的良好权限！
@ArnaudValmary 这可以转换成函数吗？用了#!/bin/awk -f 还是不能用

【解决方案2】：

这是你想要做的吗？

$ cat tst.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Using "cat file" in place of "trimline" which I dont have.
cat file |
awk '
    { split($0,errChk,/:/) }

    errChk[5] != "" {
        deviceName = $4
        processId = processName = $5
        gsub(/.*\[|].*/,"",processId)
        description = $0
        sub(/[^(]*/,"",description)

        print deviceName
        print processId
        print processName
        print description
    }
'

$ ./tst.sh
BBAOMACBOOKAIR2
1
com.apple.xpc.launchd[1]
(com.apple.mdworker.bundles[12513]): Could not find uid associated with service: 0: Undefined error: 0 501
BBAOMACBOOKAIR2
1
com.apple.xpc.launchd[1]
(com.apple.mdworker.bundles[12513]): Service exited with abnormal code: 78
BBAOMACBOOKAIR2
1
com.apple.xpc.launchd[1]
(com.apple.xpc.launchd.domain.pid.mdmclient.12523): Failed to bootstrap path: path = /usr/libexec/mdmclient, error = 108: Invalid path

【讨论】：