通用详细视图 UserProfileDetailView 必须在 URLconf 中使用对象 pk 或 slug 调用

Question

好吧，我遇到了错误，现在这个问题已经两天了，仍然坚持这个错误，任何人都可以提供帮助并能够解决这个问题。我是 Django 的新手，需要帮助。我将不胜感激。如果除了告诉我之外还有什么需要回答的，我会用这个细节更新我的问题。 模型.py

class UserProfile(models.Model):

    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    follower = models.ManyToManyField(User, related_name ='is_following',blank=True)
    avatar = models.ImageField(("Avatar"), upload_to='displays', default = '1.jpg',height_field=None, width_field=None, max_length=None,blank = True)
    create_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True,null=True)
   


    def __str__(self):
        return f'{self.user.username}'

views.py

class UserProfileDetailView(DetailView):

    model = UserProfile
    template_name = "profiles/userprofile_detail.html"

    def get_context_data(self,*args, **kwargs):
            context = super().get_context_data(*args,**kwargs) 
            is_following = False
            if self.object.user in self.request.user.userprofile.follower.all():
                is_following = True
            context["is_following"] = is_following
            return context

urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    # path('user',UserProfileCreateView.as_view(template_name = 'profiles/userprofile.html'),name='home')
    # path('user/',userprofile,name = 'home'),
     path('user-profile/',UserProfileFollowToggle.as_view(),name = 'toggle'),
    path('<str:username>/',UserProfileDetailView.as_view(),name = 'detail'),
]

userprofile_detail.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="{{ object.user.userprofile.avatar.url }}" width = "50%"></p>
{{ request.user.userprofile.follower.all }}<br>
{{object.user.userprofile }}
{% if object.user in request.user.userprofile.follower.all  %}
Following
{% endif %}
<p>{% include 'profiles/snippets/follow_toggle.html' with username=user.username is_following=is_following %}</p>
<h2>{{ object.username }}</h2>
/{{is_following}} 
{% endblock content %}

sn-ps/follow_toggle.html

<form class='form' method='POST' action="{% url 'profiles:toggle'%}">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type='hidden' name='username' value="{% if username %}{{ username }}{% else %}hello{% endif %}">
<button class='btn {% if is_following %}btn-warning{% else %}btn-primary{% endif %}'>{% if is_following %}Unfollow {% else %}Follow{% endif %}</button>
</form>

错误回溯：

  Environment:


Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/profiles/testuser/

Django Version: 3.0.3
Python Version: 3.8.3
Installed Applications:
['django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'bootstrap3',
 'accounts',
 'posts',
 'profiles']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']



Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
  File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 115, in _get_response
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
  File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 113, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 71, in view
    return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 97, in dispatch
    return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\detail.py", line 106, in get
    self.object = self.get_object()
  File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\detail.py", line 45, in get_object
    raise AttributeError(

Exception Type: AttributeError at /profiles/testuser/
Exception Value: Generic detail view UserProfileDetailView must be called with either an object pk or a slug in the URLconf.

Answer 1

问题

1. 在 urls.py 中使用 str 类型而不是 slug 类型
2. UserProfileDetailView 没有指定您的自定义 slug_url_kwarg 和 slug_field
3. UserProfileDetailView 指定UserProfile 模型，但UserProfile 模型没有属性或方法username，它位于`用户表中。

解决方案

阅读 Django 的 DetailView 代码，你会发现以下是让你的代码正常工作所必需的。

更新类属性

views.py

class UserProfileDetailView(DetailView):
    slug_url_kwarg = "username"
    slug_field = "username"

更新 UserProfile 模型或更新 UserProfileDetailView.get_slug_field

UserProfile is the lookup table defined for UserProfileDetailView and get_slug_fieldmethod, which readsslug_fieldproperty on the UserProfileDetailView doesn't support dot syntax method traversal (ie:user.username`）。 因此，要么：

1. UserProfile 模型必须引用username 或；
2. get_slug_field 必须明确定义 slug 字段或；
3. get_slug_field 必须添加点语法方法遍历的功能

models.py

class UserProfile(models.model):
    ...
    
    @property
    def username(self):
        self.user.username 

或

class UserProfileDetailView(DetailView):
    ...

    def get_slug_field(self):
        self.user.username

在 urls.py 中更新用户名类型

有帮助，但不是必需的。

urls.py

path('<slug:username>/', UserProfileDetailView.as_view(), name = 'detail'),

参考文献

Django 详细视图get_slug_field（Github）：https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/views/generic/detail.py#L78-L80

Answer 2

您需要在 url 中添加用户 pk 或 slug 以便 django 可以使用此 pk 或 slug 检索用户 所以编辑网址是这样的

path('<slug:username>/',UserProfileDetailView.as_view(),name = 'detail'),

但要确保你的 slug 等于用户的用户名，这样做会覆盖你模型中的保存方法，就像这样

def save(self, *args, **kwargs): 
    self.slug = self.username
    super(Your_Model_Name, self).save(*args, **kwargs)  

确保使用您的模型类名称更改“Your_Model_Name”

Answer 3

在视图类上设置 slug_url_kwarg--(Django Doc) 和 slug_field--(Django Doc) 属性

class UserProfileDetailView(DetailView):
    slug_url_kwarg = "username" # this the `argument` in the URL conf
    slug_field = "your_model_field" # this is the model field name.

    # Rest of your code