为什么我的 CUDA 应用程序没有启动？

Question

下面的代码编译没有任何错误，但是当我运行它时，它说“应用程序无法正确启动（0xc000007b）。单击确定关闭应用程序。”。

#include <math.h>
#include <GL\glew.h>
#include <GL\glut.h>
#include <cuda_gl_interop.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <device_launch_parameters.h>

GLuint vbo;
struct cudaGraphicsResource* vbo_cuda;

unsigned int width, height;
float tim;

__global__ void createVertices(float4* positions, float tim, 
                                unsigned int width, unsigned int height) {
    unsigned int x = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    unsigned int y = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;

    float u = x / (float)width;
    float v = y / (float)height;
    u = u * 2.0f - 1.0f;
    v = v * 2.0f - 1.0f;

    // calculate simple sine wave pattern
    float freq = 4.0f;
    float w = sinf(u * freq + tim)
    * cosf(v * freq + tim) * 0.5f;

    positions[y * width + x] = make_float4(u, w, v, 1.0f);
}

void init(void) {
    glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
    glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
}

void reshape(int w, int h) {
    glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei)w, (GLsizei)h);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(60, (GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h, 1, 200);
}

void display() {
    float4* positions;
    cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &vbo_cuda, 0);
    size_t num_bytes;
    cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer((void**)&positions,
                                        &num_bytes,
                                        vbo_cuda);

    // execute kernel
    dim3 dimBlock(16, 16, 1);
    dim3 dimGrid(width / dimBlock.x, height / dimBlock.y, 1);
    createVertices<<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>>(positions, tim,
                                            width, height);

    cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1, &vbo_cuda, 0);

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();

    // render from the vbo
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
    glVertexPointer(4, GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);
    glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
    glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, width * height);
    glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);

    glutSwapBuffers();
    glutPostRedisplay();
}

void deleteVBO() {
    cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(vbo_cuda);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
}

int main (int argc, char**argv) {
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE);
    glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
    glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
    glutCreateWindow("Cuda OpenGL Interop");
    init();
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);

    cudaGLSetGLDevice(0);

    glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);

    unsigned int size = width * height * 4 * sizeof(float);

    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, 0, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
    cudaGLRegisterBufferObject(vbo);

    glutMainLoop();

    return 0;
}

Answer 1

错误来自 Windows：您的尝试非常失败，因为您生成的可执行文件对 Windows 无效。您可能正在使用带有 RELEASE 版本的 DEBUG DLL。或者您正在将 32 位构建与 64 位 DLL 或许多其他奇怪的组合混合在一起......（32 位系统上的 64 位 exe？......）

通常，您可以在 Windows 事件查看器中获得有关 DLL 问题的更多信息，但如果您开始在调试器中运行应用程序（肯定是使用 Visual Studio），您将获得有关错误的更多信息。

如果您不明白哪里出了问题，您可以尝试使用http://www.dependencywalker.com/ 找出问题所在。

Answer 2

第一个错误是启动此线程的原因，通过将正确的 glew32.dll 库安装到正确的文件夹中消失了。

第二个错误，调试器停止在glGenBuffers(1, vbo)，是因为我忘记了glewInit()

您可以在下面找到正在运行的应用程序：

#include <math.h>
#include <GL\glew.h>
#include <GL\glut.h>
#include <cuda_gl_interop.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <device_launch_parameters.h>

GLuint vbo;
struct cudaGraphicsResource* vbo_cuda;

const unsigned int window_width = 512;
const unsigned int window_height = 512;

const unsigned int mesh_width = 256;
const unsigned int mesh_height = 256;

float tim = 0.0;

__global__ void createVertices(float4* positions, float tim, 
                                unsigned int mesh_width, unsigned int mesh_height) {
    unsigned int x = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    unsigned int y = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;

    float u = x / (float)mesh_width;
    float v = y / (float)mesh_height;
    u = u * 2.0f - 1.0f;
    v = v * 2.0f - 1.0f;

    // calculate simple sine wave pattern
    float freq = 4.0f;
    float w = sinf(u * freq + tim)
    * cosf(v * freq + tim) * 0.5f;

    positions[y * mesh_width + x] = make_float4(u, w, v, 1.0f);
}

void runCuda(GLuint vbo)
{
    // map OpenGL buffer object for writing from CUDA
    float4* positions;
    cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &vbo_cuda, 0);
    size_t num_bytes;
    cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer((void**)&positions,
                                        &num_bytes,
                                        vbo_cuda);

    // execute kernel
    dim3 dimBlock(16, 16, 1);
    dim3 dimGrid(mesh_width / dimBlock.x, mesh_height / dimBlock.y, 1);
    createVertices<<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>>(positions, tim,
                                            mesh_width, mesh_height);

    cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1, &vbo_cuda, 0);
}

void init(void) {
    glewInit();
    glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}

void reshape(int w, int h) {
    // viewport
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
    // projection
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(60, (GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h, 0.1, 10);
}

void createVBO(GLuint* vbo) {
    // create buffer object
    glGenBuffers(1, vbo);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, *vbo);

    // initialize buffer object
    unsigned int size = mesh_width * mesh_height * 4 * sizeof(float);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, 0, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
    cudaGLRegisterBufferObject(*vbo);
}

void deleteVBO(GLuint* vbo) {
    cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(vbo_cuda);
    glBindBuffer(1, *vbo);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, vbo);
    cudaGLUnregisterBufferObject(*vbo);
}

void display() {
    // run CUDA kernel to generate vertex positions
    runCuda(vbo);

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    // set view matrix
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();

    // render from the vbo
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
    glVertexPointer(4, GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);

    glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
    glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
    glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, mesh_width * mesh_height);
    glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);

    glutSwapBuffers();
    glutPostRedisplay();

    tim+=1;
}

void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
    switch(key) {
    case(27) :
        deleteVBO(&vbo);
        exit(0);
    }
}

int main (int argc, char**argv) {
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE);
    glutInitWindowSize(window_width, window_height);
    glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
    glutCreateWindow("Cuda GL interop");
    init();
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);

    // create VBO
    createVBO(&vbo);

    // run the cuda part
    runCuda(vbo);

    cudaGLSetGLDevice(0);

    glutMainLoop();

    return 0;
}