VBA 与 Internet Explorer 的交互

Question

我正在构建的宏从 Excel 电子表格中获取名称，打开 Internet Explorer，然后搜索在线目录。搜索目录后，它会拉出一个 Java 表单，其中包含经理的姓名。我可以手动选择经理名称，右键单击，复制快捷方式，然后将其发布回电子表格。但是，我在使用一致的选项卡和复制快捷方式时遇到了问题。

1. 有没有简单的方法让焦点回到 IE 窗口？
2. 如何在不手动单击的情况下复制快捷方式？

代码：

Sub Macro1()
'
Dim ie As Object
Set ie = CreateObject("internetexplorer.application")

ie.Visible = True
ie.navigate "****url****"

While ie.busy
    DoEvents
Wend

ie.document.getElementById("SSOID").Value = "Z19516732"
ie.document.getElementById("Advanced").Checked = False
ie.document.all("Search").Click

'this loop is to slow the macro as the java form is filled from the search
For i = 1 To 400000000  
    i = i + 1
Next i

'ie.Object.Activate
ie.document.getElementById("Advanced").Checked = False
ie.document.getElementById("SSOID").Focus
Application.SendKeys "{TAB 6}" ', True

'bring up the control menu/right click
Application.SendKeys "+{F10}"

'copy shortcut is 8 items down on the list
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"

'enter was not working so the shortcut for the menu is 't'
'SendKeys "{ENTER}"
Application.SendKeys "{t}"

Windows("Book21").Activate
Range("A1").Select
ActiveSheet.Paste

End Sub

Answer 1

在你的模块的开头，放这行代码：

Public Declare Function SetForegroundWindow Lib "user32" (ByVal HWND As Long) As Long

这称为Declare Statement，可让您访问Windows 内置的SetForegroundWindow 函数。该函数位于 Windows 系统的user32 DLL 中。实际上，VBA 可以通过这种方式访问​​多个 DLL 中的许多其他函数（有关更多示例，请参见链接）。

在您的代码中，在与您的 IE 对象交互时，像这样记录HWND（handle 到那个窗口）：

Dim HWNDSrc As Long
HWNDSrc = ie.HWND

然后，在您与 Java 交互之后，使用它继续：

SetForegroundWindow HWNDSrc

这告诉Windows系统将HWND标识的窗口设置为前景窗口（顾名思义）。

但是，这可能不是必需的，具体取决于您与 IE 交互的方式。换句话说，如果您不需要查看/触摸窗口，您仍然可以使用代码中已有的对象进行交互。

有一些方法可以使用 GetElementById() 和 GetElementsByTagName() (see here for more info) 之类的代码获取您正在寻找的快捷方式，但这取决于源代码的创建方式。例如如果您知道 HTML 源代码，<a href="...> 链接应该相对容易拉取。

---

第二次查看您的代码后，我注意到您使用循环来“减慢”宏。我有一个函数，我一直在使用我自己的类似方法。希望这将有助于您完成所需的工作。我已经从我自己的原始代码修改了下面的代码，因为我有其他不适用于您的案例的细节。如果有任何错误，我可以根据需要进行调整。

Public Sub WaitForIE(myIEwindow As InternetExplorer, HWND As Long, WaitTime As Integer)

    ' Add pauses/waits so that window action can actually
    ' begin AND finish before trying to read from myIEWindow.

    ' myIEWindow is the IE object currently in use
    ' HWND is the HWND for myIEWindow
    ' The above two variables are both used for redundancy/failsafe purposes.
    ' WaitTime is the amount of time (in seconds) to wait at each step below. 
    ' This is variablized because some pages are known to take longer than 
    ' others to load, and some pages with frames may be partially loaded,
    ' which can incorrectly return an READYSTATE_COMPLETE status, etc.

    Dim OpenIETitle As SHDocVw.InternetExplorer

    Application.Wait DateAdd("s", WaitTime, Now())

    Do Until myIEwindow.ReadyState = READYSTATE_COMPLETE
        ' Wait until IE is done loading page and/or user actions are done.
    Loop

    Application.Wait DateAdd("s", WaitTime, Now())

    While myIEwindow.Busy
        DoEvents  ' Wait until IE is done loading page and/or user actions are done.
    Wend

    On Error Resume Next
    ' Make sure our window still exists and was not closed for some reason...
    For Each OpenIETitle In objShellWindows
        If OpenIETitle.HWND = HWND Then
            If Err.Number = 0 Then
                Set myIEwindow = OpenIETitle
                Exit For
            Else
                Err.Clear
            End If
        End If
    Next OpenIETitle
    On Error GoTo 0

End Sub