我的代码 Thread.sleep 可以工作，但不能隐式等待？

Question

所以我理解了流畅和显式的等待，但在过去我永远无法让隐式语句起作用。我设法不使用显式处理它们，但我随后设计了一个相当简单的测试，但它只能与 Thread.sleep 一起使用，我绝对讨厌这种方法，并试图不惜一切代价避免它。所以我再次尝试了隐式等待功能......失败。

下面的 Thread.Sleep 代码按预期工作并且很棒

package myPackages;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

//  Unit test testing the Main User Drop Down Menu
//  This tests the following:
//      - changing status to Online, Away, Busy, Invisible via Left menu 
//      - Going to Settings
//      - Logging out

import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class statusTest {

  private static WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();

  public static String HOME_URL = "http://localhost:3000";
  public static String currentUserStatus;

  private static By usernameOrEmailFieldLocator = By.id("emailOrUsername");
  private static By passwordFieldLocator = By.id("pass");
  private static By loginButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.button.primary.login");

  private static By openMenuLocator = By.cssSelector("span.arrow.bottom");

  private static By onlineButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.online");
  private static By awayButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.away");
  private static By busyButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.busy");
  private static By invisibleButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.offline");
  private static By userStatus = By.className("thumb");


  @BeforeClass
  public static void beforeClass() {
    driver.get(HOME_URL);
    driver.findElement(usernameOrEmailFieldLocator).sendKeys("adrian");
    driver.findElement(passwordFieldLocator).sendKeys("adrian");
    driver.findElement(loginButtonLocator).click();
  }

  @Before
  public void before() throws Exception {
    Thread.sleep(100);
    new WebDriverWait(driver, 3).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(openMenuLocator)).click();
    Thread.sleep(100);
    new WebDriverWait(driver, 3).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(onlineButtonLocator)).click();
  }

  @AfterClass
  public static void doEnd() {
    driver.quit();
  }

  private static void changeStatusTo(By statusLocator) throws Exception {
    Thread.sleep(100);
    new WebDriverWait(driver, 3).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(statusLocator)).click();
    Thread.sleep(100);
    currentUserStatus = driver.findElement(userStatus).getAttribute("data-status");
  }

  @Test
  public void setAway() throws Exception {
    changeStatusTo(awayButtonLocator);
    Assert.assertEquals("away", currentUserStatus);
  }

  @Test
  public void setOnline() throws Exception {
    changeStatusTo(onlineButtonLocator);
    Assert.assertEquals("online", currentUserStatus);
  }

  @Test
  public void setBusy() throws Exception {
    changeStatusTo(busyButtonLocator);
    Assert.assertEquals("busy", currentUserStatus);
  }

  @Test
  public void setInvisible() throws Exception {
    changeStatusTo(invisibleButtonLocator);
    Assert.assertEquals("invisible", currentUserStatus);
  }

}

但是当我最终尝试使用隐式（如下所示）时，它不起作用。我确保在声明驱动程序后立即声明一次（在本例中为 @beforeclass）。测试将在 Before 类中失败。我在此页面的最底部包含了跟踪堆栈：

package myPackages;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class statusTest {

    private static WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();

    public static String HOME_URL = "http://localhost:3000";
    public static String currentUserStatus;

    private static By usernameOrEmailFieldLocator = By.id("emailOrUsername");
    private static By passwordFieldLocator = By.id("pass");
    private static By loginButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.button.primary.login");

    private static By openMenuLocator = By.cssSelector("span.arrow.bottom");

    private static By onlineButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.online");
    private static By awayButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.away");
    private static By busyButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.busy");
    private static By invisibleButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.offline");
    private static By userStatus = By.className("thumb");


    @BeforeClass
    public static void beforeClass(){
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        driver.get(HOME_URL);
        driver.findElement(usernameOrEmailFieldLocator).sendKeys("adrian");
        driver.findElement(passwordFieldLocator).sendKeys("adrian");
        driver.findElement(loginButtonLocator).click();
    }

    @Before
    public void before() throws Exception {
        driver.findElement(openMenuLocator).click();
        driver.findElement(onlineButtonLocator).click();
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void doEnd() {
        driver.quit();
    }

    private static void changeStatusTo(By statusLocator) {
        driver.findElement(statusLocator).click();
        currentUserStatus = driver.findElement(userStatus).getAttribute("data-status");

    }

    @Test
    public void setAway() {
        changeStatusTo(awayButtonLocator);
        Assert.assertEquals("away", currentUserStatus);
    }

    @Test
    public void setOnline() {
        changeStatusTo(onlineButtonLocator);
        Assert.assertEquals("online", currentUserStatus);
    }

    @Test
    public void setBusy() {
        changeStatusTo(busyButtonLocator);
        Assert.assertEquals("busy", currentUserStatus);
    }

    @Test
    public void setInvisible() {
        changeStatusTo(invisibleButtonLocator);
        Assert.assertEquals("invisible", currentUserStatus);
    }

}

org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException：使用给定的搜索参数无法在页面上找到元素。 （警告：服务器未提供任何堆栈跟踪信息） 命令持续时间或超时：999 毫秒 有关此错误的文档，请访问：http://seleniumhq.org/exceptions/no_such_element.html 构建信息：版本：'未知'，修订：'1969d75'，时间：'2016-10-18 09:43:45 -0700' 系统信息：主机：'Adrians-iMac.local'，ip：'10.0.2.15'，os.name：'Mac OS X'，os.arch：'x86_64'，os.version：'10.12.1'，java .版本：'1.8.0_111' 驱动程序信息：org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver 功能 [{applicationCacheEnabled=true, rotatable=false, databaseEnabled=true, handlesAlerts=true, version=12602.2.14.0.5, cleanSession=true, platform=MAC, nativeEvents=true, locationContextEnabled=false, webStorageEnabled=true, browserName=safari , javascriptEnabled=true, cssSelectorsEnabled=true}] 会话 ID：DADE0351-039B-4C06-BC65-05FB90E08202 *** 元素信息：{Using=css selector, value=span.arrow.bottom} 在 sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) 在 sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) 在 sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) 在 java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423) 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:216) 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:168) 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute（RemoteWebDriver.java:635） 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:368) 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementByCssSelector(RemoteWebDriver.java:465) 在 org.openqa.selenium.By$ByCssSelector.findElement(By.java:430) 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:360) 在 myPackages.statusTest.before(statusTest.java:53) 在 sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 在 sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) 在 sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 在 java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) 在 org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) 在 org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) 在 org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively（FrameworkMethod.java:47） 在 org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf（ParentRunner.java:325） 在 org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) 在 org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) 在 org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26) 在 org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:27) 在 org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) 在 org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86) 在 org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) 在 org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459) 在 org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678) 在 org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382) 在 org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)

Answer 1

在隐式等待中使用 TimeUnit.SECONDS 而不是毫秒。快速浏览您的代码表明您在隐式等待中使用了 100 毫秒，与显式等待中分配的 3 秒相比，这是非常名义上的。

 driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);//waits for 3 seconds

注意：显式等待的单位是秒。

 new WebDriverWait(driver, 10) //will wait for 10 seconds 

1000ms=1s

如果 timeunit 必须以毫秒为单位，您应该在隐式等待中使用 3000 毫秒。