【发布时间】：2014-12-06 09:05:25
【问题描述】：
我对 django 非常陌生，并且能够在 djangoproject.com 上完成教程而没有任何错误。我现在正在阅读位于http://www.django-rest-framework.org/ 的 Django REST 框架教程 我几乎完成了它，只是添加了身份验证。现在我得到了：
OperationalError at /snippets/
no such column: snippets_snippet.owner_id
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://localhost:8000/snippets/
Django Version: 1.7
Exception Type: OperationalError
Exception Value:
no such column: snippets_snippet.owner_id
Exception Location: /Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py in execute, line 485
Python Executable: /Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/bin/python
Python Version: 2.7.5
Python Path:
['/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/tutorial',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python27.zip',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/plat-mac',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/Extras/lib/python',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/lib-old',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7',
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin',
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac',
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages']
Server time: Sat, 11 Oct 2014 07:02:34 +0000
我在网上找了几个地方，不仅仅是 StackOverflow 的解决方案，似乎一般是我的数据库有问题，需要删除它然后重新制作，我已经做了好几次了，教程甚至让我删除数据库并重新制作它。
这是我的models.py：
from django.db import models
from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers
from pygments.styles import get_all_styles
from pygments.lexers import get_lexer_by_name
from pygments.formatters.html import HtmlFormatter
from pygments import highlight
LEXERS = [item for item in get_all_lexers() if item[1]]
LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in LEXERS])
STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in get_all_styles())
class Snippet(models.Model):
owner = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='snippets')
highlighted = models.TextField()
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, default='')
code = models.TextField()
linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False)
language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES,
default='python',
max_length=100)
style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES,
default='friendly',
max_length=100)
class Meta:
ordering = ('created',)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Use the 'pygments' library to create a highlighted HTML
representation of the code snippet.
"""
lexer = get_lexer_by_name(self.language)
linenos = self.linenos and 'table' or False
options = self.title and {'title': self.title} or {}
formatter = HtmlFormatter(style=self.style, linenos=linenos,
full=true, **options)
self.highlighted = highlight(self.code, lexer, formatter)
super(Snippet, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
我的serializers.py：
from django.forms import widgets
from rest_framework import serializers
from snippets.models import Snippet, LANGUAGE_CHOICES, STYLE_CHOICES
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
owner = serializers.Field(source='owner.username')
class Meta:
model = Snippet
fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'linenos', 'language', 'style', 'owner')
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
snippets = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True)
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('id', 'username', 'snippets')
我的views.py：
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from rest_framework import generics
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from snippets.serializers import UserSerializer
from rest_framework import permissions
class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
"""
List all snippets, or create a new snippet.
"""
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def pre_save(self, obj):
obj.owner = self.request.user
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
"""
Retrieve, update or delete a nippet instance.
"""
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def pre_save(self, obj):
obj.owner = self.request.user
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
class UserList(generics.ListAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class UserDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
最后是我的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import include
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from snippets import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^snippets/$', views.SnippetList.as_view()),
url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()),
url(r'^users/$', views.UserList.as_view()),
url(r'^users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.UserDetail.as_view()),
)
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
urlpatterns += patterns('',
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls',
namespace='rest_framework')),
)
如果我发布了一堆不必要的信息，我深表歉意。在此先感谢各位。
编辑： 数据库架构：
CREATE TABLE "snippets_snippet" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
"created" datetime NOT NULL, "title" varchar(100) NOT NULL, "code" text NOT NULL,
"linenos" bool NOT NULL, "language" varchar(100) NOT NULL, "style" varchar(100) NOT NULL);
在进行了一些挖掘之后，我发现在删除和重新创建数据库时（如教程所述）而不是使用 make migrations 命令，它不仅不会添加列，而且它也不会告诉我出现问题时运行make migrations 命令它告诉我：
You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'highlighted' to snippet without a default;
we can't do that (the database needs something to populate existing rows).
Please select a fix:
1) Provide a one-off default now (will be set on all existing rows)
2) Quit, and let me add a default in models.py
如果我注释掉models.py 中的highlighted 部分，它将在上面发布相同的消息，但针对owner 行。所以它想要highlighted 和owner 的默认值，但我不确定该使用什么。以及教程对我也没有帮助。
【问题讨论】：
-
如果您删除了 db 并重新运行了 syncdb，我不希望您遇到这个问题。你确定你删除了正确的 SQLite db 文件吗？
-
我赞成你的问题，不是因为问题本身，而是因为你所尝试的细节的彻底性和坦率。精心提出的问题并不常见。不幸的是，我在移动设备上，无法给出适当的回应。还是祝你好运。我稍后再回来看看事情进展如何
-
我不知道我可能删除了错误的数据库。我每次运行命令
rm tmp.db，然后运行python manage.py syncdb，它会提示我创建一个超级用户。我在完成项目其余部分的同一终端选项卡中执行此操作，同时也在同一环境中。 -
那么其他任何机构都有可能的解决方案吗？
-
我也有这个问题，无法解决。克隆教程 git 并运行同步似乎会在 sqllite 中创建 owner_id 字段，但我无法通过教程完成它。
标签： python django django-rest-framework