Django+Bootstrap4 引发错误：“需要 mysqlclient 1.4.0 或更新版本；您有 0.10.0。”

Question

我使用Django 3.1.2 和MySQL，它与数据库正常工作。 但是在我安装了Botstrap 4（pip install bootstrap4）并将其加载到我的 Tamplate {% load bootstrap4 %} 之后，我得到了错误： django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured：需要 mysqlclient 1.4.0 或更新版本；您有 0.10.0. 由引导程序引发，如下所示。

但在我的venv 中，我安装了模块mysqlclient 2.0.1 版（不是0.10.0）。 （正如 PyCharm 向我展示的那样。） 用于基本 python 解释器的“pip install mysqlclient”（在 Conda 中，而不是在 venv 中）没有帮助。

我不明白。 以及像 bootstrap 这样的 CSS/js 库是如何应用于数据库引擎的？

如何解决？

"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm 2019.3.3\bin\runnerw64.exe" C:\MyProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/MyProgect/MySite/manage.py runserver 8000
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\User\Anaconda3\lib\threading.py", line 917, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "C:\Users\User\Anaconda3\lib\threading.py", line 865, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 110, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 76, in raise_last_exception
    raise _exception[1]
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 357, in execute
    autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 211, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "C:\Users\User\Anaconda3\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 48, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 122, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 326, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\options.py", line 206, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 214, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "C:\Users\User\Anaconda3\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "C:\Users\User\ITResearch\all_gid_2\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 36, in <module>
    raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.4.0 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)
**django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.4.0 or newer is required; you have 0.10.0.**

Answer 1

如果PyMySQL 与mysqlclient 一起安装，请删除它。哪里有冲突。 (pip unistall pymysql) 如果它存在于venv。