AWS EC2 可用区到底在哪里？

【问题标题】：Where are AWS EC2 Availability Zones exactly?AWS EC2 可用区到底在哪里？
【发布时间】：2013-02-03 08:50:09
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试为我的目标受众创建一个延迟最低的服务器。我明白区域和可用区之间的区别（我认为）。听起来可用区位于不同的城市。他们到底在哪里？

【问题讨论】：

  • 我想亚马逊非常希望你不知道他们数据中心的确切邮政编码。你可以猜到原因。
  • @ChrisHuang-Leaver 是的，哈哈，但如果有人真的想弄清楚，我想他们可以尝试查找有关亚马逊可能购买的房产的公共记录。通过混淆获得安全性？

标签： amazon-web-services amazon-ec2 latency availability-zone


【解决方案1】：

亚马逊在公共信息方面提供的最佳信息是their EC2 FAQ。如果您想要尽可能低的延迟，您是否可以不只是从目标位置 ping 每个可用区域中的服务器并以这种方式找到最低延迟？无论如何，不​​能保证物理接近 == 最低延迟。

【讨论】：

    【解决方案2】：

    您可以假设同一区域中的所有可用区都具有相似的延迟。 （因为它们都非常接近）。此外，据我所知，所有用户的可用区都没有必要。 （即 us-east-1a 可以是不同用户的不同数据中心）

    【讨论】：

    • 哦，所以他们拥有的不仅仅是数据中心而不是可用区。好的，这很有趣！谢谢！
    • @Parris 2012 年 7 月美国东部停电记录中提到该地区共有 10 个数据中心aws.amazon.com/message/67457
    【解决方案3】：

    您可以在this Amazon doc page 上看到可用区未映射到特定位置：

    为确保资源在一个区域的可用区中分布，我们独立地将可用区映射到每个账户的标识符。例如，您的可用区 us-east-1a 可能与另一个账户的 us-east-1a 位置不同。请注意，您无法在账户之间协调可用区。

    UPADTE：根据下面的Pavel 评论，请注意现在您可以使用唯一标识符作为可用区 AZ ID： 要跨账户协调可用区，您必须使用 AZ ID，它是可用区的唯一且一致的标识符。例如，use1-az1 是 us-east-1 区域的 AZ ID，它在每个 AWS 账户中具有相同的位置。 来源aws documentation

    【讨论】：

    • 该文档说可用区的名称在帐户之间不一定一致。这并不意味着可用区不映射到特定位置；只是帐户之间的映射可能不同。所以仍然有可能 A 区（对我而言）中的所有服务器都在同一个数据中心，而 B 区（对你而言）中的所有服务器也在同一个数据中心。
    • 确实，但对我来说，这也意味着亚马逊可以在没有警告的情况下更改您的可用区。所以玩这个参数听起来很危险。缓存和压缩是优化速度的更好选择。
    • 我认为有placement groups：“置放群组是单个可用区内实例的逻辑分组。对于受益于低网络延迟、高网络吞吐量的应用程序，建议使用置放群组，或两者兼而有之。”
    • 这个答案不再准确； AWS EC2 现在公开了 AZ ID，这些 ID 是通用的，而不是在账户之间随机分配的。此外，新创建的帐户不再随机分配其 AZ 映射。请参考最新的AWS EC2 User Guide。
    【解决方案4】：

    要为您的用户提供最佳体验，您应该选择地理上距离您的用户最近的区域。 AWS 区域内的 EC2 可用区应有效地为外部用户提供相同的延迟（与部署在同一区域或 AZ 内的其他服务作为您自己的服务相反）。所有 AZ 都与其地理区域内的 Internet 基础设施高度互连。在该区域内，理想情况下，您希望构建应用程序，以便跨多个 AZ 复制其组件以实现最佳可用性。

    顾名思义，可用区主要是一种可用性/可靠性构造：通过跨多个 AZ 部署应用程序，您可以保护自己免受某些故障模式的影响。 AWS EC2 向客户做出的承诺是，任何两个 AZ 都不应因相关原因同时发生故障。

    可用区由一个或多个紧邻的数据中心组成，因此延迟足够低，可以让高度分布式的应用程序以“本地网络”速度有效运行。区域是彼此足够接近的此类 AZ 的集合。但是，由于它们需要通过距离有意义地彼此分开，因此光速意味着跨 AZ 的最小延迟更高。 Peter DeSantis breaks it down very well in his re:Invent 2018 keynote.

    这在技术上不准确，但可能是一个有用的简化模型：您可以将 AZ 视为“逻辑数据中心”，将区域视为“同一都市区域内的数据中心组”。像同步复制这样的功能在 AZ 中可能工作得很好，但您可能应该更加小心地创建例如跨 AZ 的拓扑。相反，对于对延迟非常敏感的集群应用程序，例如消息传递计算网格，您可以选择使用 EC2 置放群组来确保 AZ 内部拓扑内的最佳位置。确切的延迟数字会因地区而异，您应该进行自己的测量以告知您的架构决策。

    【讨论】：

      【解决方案5】：

      如果您为一组在不同可用区启动的实例查询一个 IP 地址到位置映射服务，您最终会得到一个类似于以下的映射：

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  },
  {
    "az": "ap-southeast-1a",
    "longitude": 103.8517837524414,
    "latitude": 1.287950038909912,
    "continent": {
      "code": "AS",
      "name": "Asia"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "SG",
      "name": "Singapore",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": 1,
      "name": "Central Singapore"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Singapore"
    },
    "postcode": null
  },
  {
    "az": "ap-southeast-1c",
    "longitude": -73.44097137451172,
    "latitude": 41.126861572265625,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "CT",
      "name": "Connecticut"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "East Norwalk"
    },
    "postcode": "06850"
  },
  {
    "az": "ap-southeast-2a",
    "longitude": 151.2071075439453,
    "latitude": -33.86714172363281,
    "continent": {
      "code": "OC",
      "name": "Oceania"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "AU",
      "name": "Australia",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "NSW",
      "name": "New South Wales"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Sydney"
    },
    "postcode": 2000
  },
  {
    "az": "ap-southeast-2b",
    "longitude": 151.2071075439453,
    "latitude": -33.86714172363281,
    "continent": {
      "code": "OC",
      "name": "Oceania"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "AU",
      "name": "Australia",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "NSW",
      "name": "New South Wales"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Sydney"
    },
    "postcode": 2000
  },
  {
    "az": "ca-central-1a",
    "longitude": -73.56201171875,
    "latitude": 45.502079010009766,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "CA",
      "name": "Canada",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "QC",
      "name": "Quebec"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Montréal"
    },
    "postcode": "H2Y 2J7"
  },
  {
    "az": "ca-central-1b",
    "longitude": -73.56201171875,
    "latitude": 45.502079010009766,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "CA",
      "name": "Canada",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "QC",
      "name": "Quebec"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Montréal"
    },
    "postcode": "H2Y 2J7"
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-central-1c",
    "longitude": 8.682100296020508,
    "latitude": 50.11090087890625,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "DE",
      "name": "Germany",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "HE",
      "name": "Hesse"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Frankfurt am Main"
    },
    "postcode": 60311
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-north-1a",
    "longitude": 18.051319122314453,
    "latitude": 59.315120697021484,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "SE",
      "name": "Sweden",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "AB",
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "postcode": "118 58"
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-north-1b",
    "longitude": 18.051319122314453,
    "latitude": 59.315120697021484,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "SE",
      "name": "Sweden",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "AB",
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "postcode": "118 58"
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-north-1c",
    "longitude": 18.051319122314453,
    "latitude": 59.315120697021484,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "SE",
      "name": "Sweden",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "AB",
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "postcode": "118 58"
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-south-1a",
    "longitude": 9.192000389099121,
    "latitude": 45.47200012207031,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "IT",
      "name": "Italy",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": 25,
      "name": "Lombardy"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Milan"
    },
    "postcode": 20121
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-south-1b",
    "longitude": 9.192000389099121,
    "latitude": 45.47200012207031,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "IT",
      "name": "Italy",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": 25,
      "name": "Lombardy"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Milan"
    },
    "postcode": 20121
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-south-1b",
    "longitude": 9.192899703979492,
    "latitude": 45.48379898071289,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "IT",
      "name": "Italy",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": 25,
      "name": "Lombardy"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Milan"
    },
    "postcode": 20124
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-south-1c",
    "longitude": 9.192000389099121,
    "latitude": 45.47200012207031,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "IT",
      "name": "Italy",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": 25,
      "name": "Lombardy"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Milan"
    },
    "postcode": 20121
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-1a",
    "longitude": -6.243330001831055,
    "latitude": 53.35388946533203,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "IE",
      "name": "Ireland",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "L",
      "name": "Leinster"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Dublin"
    },
    "postcode": null
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-1b",
    "longitude": -6.243330001831055,
    "latitude": 53.35388946533203,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "IE",
      "name": "Ireland",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "L",
      "name": "Leinster"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Dublin"
    },
    "postcode": null
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-1c",
    "longitude": -6.243330001831055,
    "latitude": 53.35388946533203,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "IE",
      "name": "Ireland",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "L",
      "name": "Leinster"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Dublin"
    },
    "postcode": null
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-2c",
    "longitude": -0.12574,
    "latitude": 51.5122184753418,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "GB",
      "name": "United Kingdom",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "ENG",
      "name": "England"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Blackheath"
    },
    "postcode": "EC1M"
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-2c",
    "longitude": 0,
    "latitude": 51.5122184753418,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "GB",
      "name": "United Kingdom",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "ENG",
      "name": "England"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Blackheath"
    },
    "postcode": "EC1M"
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-3a",
    "longitude": 2.3410699367523193,
    "latitude": 48.8602294921875,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "FR",
      "name": "France",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "IDF",
      "name": "Île-de-France"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Saint-Ouen"
    },
    "postcode": 75001
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-3c",
    "longitude": 2.3410699367523193,
    "latitude": 48.8602294921875,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "FR",
      "name": "France",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "IDF",
      "name": "Île-de-France"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Saint-Ouen"
    },
    "postcode": 75001
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-1b",
    "longitude": -77.47419738769531,
    "latitude": 39.043701171875,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "VA",
      "name": "Virginia"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Ashburn"
    },
    "postcode": 20147
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-1c",
    "longitude": -77.47419738769531,
    "latitude": 39.043701171875,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "VA",
      "name": "Virginia"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Ashburn"
    },
    "postcode": 20147
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-1d",
    "longitude": -77.47419738769531,
    "latitude": 39.043701171875,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "VA",
      "name": "Virginia"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Ashburn"
    },
    "postcode": 20147
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-1f",
    "longitude": -77.47419738769531,
    "latitude": 39.043701171875,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "VA",
      "name": "Virginia"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Ashburn"
    },
    "postcode": 20147
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-2b",
    "longitude": -82.99945831298828,
    "latitude": 39.99557876586914,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "OH",
      "name": "Ohio"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Columbus"
    },
    "postcode": 43201
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-2c",
    "longitude": -82.99945831298828,
    "latitude": 39.99557876586914,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "OH",
      "name": "Ohio"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Columbus"
    },
    "postcode": 43201
  },
  {
    "az": "us-west-1a",
    "longitude": -121.83822631835938,
    "latitude": 37.330528259277344,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "CA",
      "name": "California"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "San Jose"
    },
    "postcode": 95122
  },
  {
    "az": "us-west-1b",
    "longitude": -121.83822631835938,
    "latitude": 37.330528259277344,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "CA",
      "name": "California"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "San Jose"
    },
    "postcode": 95122
  },
  {
    "az": "us-west-2d",
    "longitude": -119.81143188476562,
    "latitude": 45.73722839355469,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": "??"
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "OR",
      "name": "Oregon"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Boardman"
    },
    "postcode": 97818
  }
]

      请注意，这不是 az 位置的准确表示。这只是针对多个 ec2 实例的公共 IP 地址运行地理定位查询的结果。

      【讨论】：

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