使用opencv部署qt5，如何修复lib安装路径？

Question

这里已经部分解决了类似的问题dyld: Library not loaded: lib/libopencv_core.3.0.dylib Reason: image not found 这导致了一个对我不起作用的解决方案there。

我使用 Qt 5、openCV 3 和 Mac OS X 10.10.5。 当我使用 macdeployqt 时，此过程没有 openCV .dylib 文件的正确路径。它抱怨：

ERROR: no file at "/lib/libopencv_core.3.0.dylib"
ERROR: no file at "/lib/libopencv_highgui.3.0.dylib"
ERROR: no file at "/lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.dylib"

这与错误的文件路径有关，以相对形式给出但解释为绝对路径，根据：

$ otool -L myApp.app/Contents/MacOS/myApp 
myApp.app/Contents/MacOS/myApp:

(...)

    lib/libopencv_core.3.0.dylib (compatibility version 3.0.0, current version 3.0.0)
    lib/libopencv_highgui.3.0.dylib (compatibility version 3.0.0, current version 3.0.0)
    lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.dylib (compatibility version 3.0.0, current version 3.0.0)

(...)

当然，应用程序在另一台计算机上运行时会崩溃，并抱怨上面缺少库。

鉴于上述解决方案不起作用，我该如何解决？或者在这种情况下如何“更好地”应用上述解决方案？ （我可能没有正确调整它们）。

我尝试了 3 种不同的 opencv 3 安装：CMake、homebrew 和 macports。问题仍然相同。

Answer 1

工作中的善良灵魂帮助我更好地理解如何调整使用 install_name_tool 的上述解决方案。因为上述解决方案不适用于我的案例，所以这里有一个带有 cmets 的脚本，详细描述了每个步骤。该脚本假定您已经使用了 macdeployedqt，并且您有一个 .app 文件。在链接 opencv_core、opencv_highgui 和 opencv_imgproc 库时，此修复适用于 opencv 3。对于您自己的情况，您需要将 LIB_DIR 和 APP_DIR 更改为（分别）您的 opencv 库文件 (.dylib) 所在的目录，以及您的 .app 包的路径（这里我的应用程序称为 Qtfits_openmp）。当然，可以制作一个更紧凑的脚本，但我希望详细的步骤可以帮助任何人适应他/她自己的情况。

#! /bin/bash

LIB_DIR=~/Dev/opencv3_tbb_opencl/lib
APP_DIR=~/Dev/build-Qtfits_openmp-clang_omp-Release/Qtfits_openmp.app
# This script supposes here that you are in the parent directory of the app.

# check to what libs your app is "explicitly" linked to with otool -L $APP_DIR/Contents/MacOS/Qtfits_openmp
# If originally linking with LIBS += -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc, you'd need to copy them in the .app with their dependencies.
# However, opencv has the path of symbolic links, ending with 3.0. , so we need to copy the actual files, i.e., with the whole version number 3.0.0. 
cp $LIB_DIR/libopencv_core.3.0.0.dylib $APP_DIR/Contents/Frameworks/libopencv_core.3.0.0.dylib
cp $LIB_DIR/libopencv_highgui.3.0.0.dylib $APP_DIR/Contents/Frameworks/libopencv_highgui.3.0.0.dylib
cp $LIB_DIR/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.0.dylib $APP_DIR/Contents/Frameworks/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.0.dylib
# Extra dependencies exist: otool -L libopencv_* will show you all the dependencies that you need to copy.
# Here we will also need to add imgcodecs and videoio to the .app
cp $LIB_DIR/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.0.0.dylib $APP_DIR/Contents/Frameworks/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.0.0.dylib
cp $LIB_DIR/libopencv_videoio.3.0.0.dylib $APP_DIR/Contents/Frameworks/libopencv_videoio.3.0.0.dylib


# With otool -L $APP_DIR/Contents/MacOS/yourApp , look at the .lib files with a wrong path. With the following result:
#   lib/libopencv_core.3.0.dylib (compatibility version 3.0.0, current version 3.0.0)
#   lib/libopencv_highgui.3.0.dylib (compatibility version 3.0.0, current version 3.0.0)
#   lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.dylib (compatibility version 3.0.0, current version 3.0.0)

# we need to fix the 3 libraries core, highgui and imgproc which are given here with an incorrect relative path. 
# Note that again, opencv kept the basename of the symbolic links (ending with 3.0.dylib), not the basename of the actual files (ending with 3.0.0.dylib)
# So we have to keep things consistent with what we did above. 

install_name_tool -change lib/libopencv_core.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_core.3.0.0.dylib $APP_DIR/Contents/MacOS/Qtfits_openmp
install_name_tool -change lib/libopencv_highgui.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_highgui.3.0.0.dylib $APP_DIR/Contents/MacOS/Qtfits_openmp
install_name_tool -change lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.0.dylib $APP_DIR/Contents/MacOS/Qtfits_openmp

# Now we need to fix the path to all the dependencies of each library file.
cd $APP_DIR/Contents/Frameworks

# Change the IDs
for i in libopencv*.dylib; do install_name_tool -id @executable_path/../Frameworks/$i $i; done

# Again, with otool -L libopencv_* , you will see that you need to change their paths so that your copied libraries are pointed to within the app.
# for each opencv lib that is not properly referenced, change it from the absolute or wrong-relative path to @executable_path/../Frameworks/

# fix libopencv_highgui
install_name_tool -change $LIB_DIR/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.0.0.dylib libopencv_highgui.3.0.0.dylib
install_name_tool -change $LIB_DIR/libopencv_core.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_core.3.0.0.dylib libopencv_highgui.3.0.0.dylib
install_name_tool -change $LIB_DIR/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.0.dylib libopencv_highgui.3.0.0.dylib
install_name_tool -change $LIB_DIR/libopencv_videoio.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_videoio.3.0.0.dylib libopencv_highgui.3.0.0.dylib

# fix libopencv_imgproc 
install_name_tool -change $LIB_DIR/libopencv_core.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_core.3.0.0.dylib libopencv_imgproc.3.0.0.dylib

# fix libopencv_videoi
install_name_tool -change $LIB_DIR/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.0.0.dylib libopencv_videoio.3.0.0.dylib
install_name_tool -change $LIB_DIR/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.0.dylib libopencv_videoio.3.0.0.dylib
install_name_tool -change $LIB_DIR/libopencv_core.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_core.3.0.0.dylib libopencv_videoio.3.0.0.dylib

# fix libopencv_imgcodecs
install_name_tool -change $LIB_DIR/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_imgproc.3.0.0.dylib libopencv_imgcodecs.3.0.0.dylib
install_name_tool -change $LIB_DIR/libopencv_core.3.0.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_core.3.0.0.dylib libopencv_imgcodecs.3.0.0.dylib