【发布时间】:2017-09-14 04:48:39
【问题描述】:
目前我已经使用 def 函数成功定义了一个自定义内核函数(预先计算内核矩阵),现在我正在使用 GridSearchCV 函数来获取最佳参数。
所以,在自定义核函数中,总共有 2 个参数需要调整(即下例中的 gamm 和 sea_gamma),以及对于 SVR 模型,cost c参数也必须调整。但到现在为止,我只能使用 GridSearchCV 调整 cost c 参数 -> 请参阅下面的第 I 部分:示例。
我已经搜索了一些类似的解决方案,例如:
Is it possible to tune parameters with grid search for custom kernels in scikit-learn?
它说“一种方法是使用 Pipeline、SVC(kernel='precomputed') 并将您的自定义内核函数包装为 sklearn 估计器(BaseEstimator 和 TransformerMixin 的子类)) .“但这与我的案例和问题仍然不同,但是,我尝试根据此解决方案解决问题,但到目前为止它没有打印任何输出,甚至没有任何错误。 -> 请参考第二部分:使用管道的解决方案。
第一部分:示例->我在网格搜索中的原始自定义内核和评分方法是:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import sklearn.svm as svm
from sklearn import preprocessing,svm, datasets
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler, MaxAbsScaler
from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import rbf_kernel
from sklearn.grid_search import GridSearchCV
from sklearn.svm import SVR
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.metrics.scorer import make_scorer
# weighting the vectors
def distance_scale(X,Y):
K = np.zeros((X.shape[0],Y.shape[0]))
gamma_sea =192
for i in range(X.shape[0]):
for j in range(Y.shape[0]):
dis = min(np.abs(X[i]-Y[j]),1-np.abs(X[i]-Y[j]))
K[i,j] = np.exp(-gamma_sea*dis**2)
return K
# custom RBF kernel : kernel matrix calculation
def sea_rbf(X,Y):
gam=1
t1 = X[:, 5:6]
t2 = Y[:, 5:6]
X = X[:, 0:5]
Y = Y[:, 0:5]
d = distance_scale(t1,t2)
return rbf_kernel(X,Y,gamma=gam)*d
def my_custom_loss_func(y_true, y_pred):
error=np.abs((y_true - y_pred)/y_true)
return np.mean(error)*100
my_scorer = make_scorer(my_custom_loss_func,greater_is_better=False)
# Generate sample data
X_train=np.random.random((100,6))
y_train=np.random.random((100,1))
X_test=np.random.random((40,6))
y_test=np.random.random((40,1))
y_train=np.ravel(y_train)
y_test=np.ravel(y_test)
# scale the input and output in training data set, also scale the input
#in testing data set
max_scale = preprocessing.MaxAbsScaler().fit(X_train)
X_train_max = max_scale.transform(X_train)
X_test_max = max_scale.transform(X_test)
max_scale_y = preprocessing.MaxAbsScaler().fit(y_train)
y_train_max = max_scale_y.transform(y_train)
#precompute the kernel matrix
gam=sea_rbf(X_train_max,X_train_max)
#grid search for the model with the custom scoring method, but can only tune the *cost c* parameter in this case.
clf= GridSearchCV(SVR(kernel='precomputed'),
scoring=my_scorer,
cv=5,
param_grid={"C": [0.1,1,2,3,4,5]
})
clf.fit(gam, y_train_max)
print(clf.best_params_)
print(clf.best_score_)
print(clf.grid_scores_)
第二部分:管道解决方案
from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import division
import sys
import sklearn
from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
# Wrapper class for the custom kernel RBF_kernel
class RBF2Kernel(BaseEstimator,TransformerMixin):
def __init__(self, gamma=1,sea_gamma=20):
super(RBF2Kernel,self).__init__()
self.gamma = gamma
self.sea_gamma = sea_gamma
def fit(self, X, y=None, **fit_params):
return self
#calculate the kernel matrix
def transform(self, X):
self.a_train_ = X[:, 0:5]
self.b_train_ = X[:, 0:5]
self.t1_train_ = X[:, 5:6]
self.t2_train_ = X[:, 5:6]
sea=16
K = np.zeros((t1.shape[0],t2.shape[0]))
for i in range(self.t1_train_.shape[0]):
for j in range(self.t2_train_.shape[0]):
dis = min(np.abs(self.t1_train_[i]*sea- self.t2_train_[j]*sea),sea-np.abs(self.t1_train_[i]*sea-self.t2_train_[j]*sea))
K[i,j] = np.exp(-self.gamma_sea *dis**2)
return K
return rbf_kernel(self.a_train_ , self.b_train_, gamma=self.gamma)*K
def main():
print('python: {}'.format(sys.version))
print('numpy: {}'.format(np.__version__))
print('sklearn: {}'.format(sklearn.__version__))
# Generate sample data
X_train=np.random.random((100,6))
y_train=np.random.random((100,1))
X_test=np.random.random((40,6))
y_test=np.random.random((40,1))
y_train=np.ravel(y_train)
y_test=np.ravel(y_test)
# Create a pipeline where our custom predefined kernel RBF2Kernel
# is run before SVR.
pipe = Pipeline([
('sc', MaxAbsScaler()),
('rbf2', RBF2Kernel()),
('svm', SVR()),
])
# Set the parameter 'gamma' of our custom kernel by
# using the 'estimator__param' syntax.
cv_params = dict([
('rbf2__gamma', 10.0**np.arange(-2,2)),
('rbf2__sea_gamma', 10.0**np.arange(-2,2)),
('svm__kernel', ['precomputed']),
('svm__C', 10.0**np.arange(-2,2)),
])
# Do grid search to get the best parameter value of 'gamma'.
# here i am also trying to tune the parameters of the custom kernel
model = GridSearchCV(pipe, cv_params, verbose=1, n_jobs=-1,scoring=my_scorer)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
acc_test = mean_absolute_error(y_test, y_pred)
mape_100 = my_custom_loss_func (y_test, y_pred)
print("Test accuracy: {}".format(acc_test))
print("mape_100: {}".format(mape_100))
print("Best params:")
print(model.best_params_)
print(model.grid_scores_)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
所以,总结一下:
- 该示例运行良好,但它可以调整默认参数(在本例中为成本参数)
- 我想调整自定义内核中的额外参数,我已在第一部分中将其定义为函数。
- scikit-learn 或 python 对我来说还是很新的,如果解释不清楚,请让我知道如果您对细节有任何疑问。
非常感谢您的阅读,希望冗长的描述能让您更清楚一点,欢迎所有建议:)
【问题讨论】:
-
你能再解释一下,你真正想要做什么吗?
-
您好,感谢您的评论,实际上,我想使用管道调整自定义内核函数的参数,请参阅第二部分,这是我到目前为止所做的,但该解决方案无法打印任何结果。
-
好吧,浏览一下您的代码,它看起来是正确的。你说,它不能打印任何结果,你指的是哪一行。这个 - ?
print(model.best_params_) -
是的,到目前为止,我刚刚收到消息:python: 3.6.0 |Anaconda 4.3.1 (64-bit)| (默认,2016 年 12 月 23 日,11:57:41)[MSC v.1900 64 位(AMD64)] numpy:1.11.3 sklearn:0.18.1 为 64 个候选者中的每一个拟合 3 折,总共 192 次拟合
-
我想我在 def transform(self, X): 部分遇到了无限循环,当我尝试调试细节时
标签: python scikit-learn svm pipeline grid-search