在 Anaconda 中安装 OpenCV 时出现权限错误

Question

我是蟒蛇蟒蛇的新手。我决定通过这个命令安装 opencv 库来处理计算机视觉：

conda install -c menpo opencv

但我面临这个错误：

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3

  added / updated specs:
    - opencv


The following packages will be downloaded:

    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    libopencv-3.4.2            |       h20b85fd_0        37.4 MB
    hdf5-1.8.20                |       hac2f561_1        26.7 MB
    opencv-3.4.2               |   py36h40b0b35_0          10 KB
    py-opencv-3.4.2            |   py36hc319ecb_0         1.5 MB
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:        65.5 MB

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

    blas:            1.0-mkl
    libopencv:       3.4.2-h20b85fd_0
    opencv:          3.4.2-py36h40b0b35_0
    py-opencv:       3.4.2-py36hc319ecb_0

The following packages will be UPDATED:

    ca-certificates: 2017.08.26-h94faf87_0 --> 2018.03.07-0
    certifi:         2018.1.18-py36_0      --> 2018.8.24-py36_1
    numpy:           1.14.0-py36h4a99626_1 --> 1.14.2-py36h5c71026_0
    openssl:         1.0.2n-h74b6da3_0     --> 1.0.2p-hfa6e2cd_0

The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:

    hdf5:            1.10.1-h98b8871_1     --> 1.8.20-hac2f561_1

Proceed ([y]/n)?


Downloading and Extracting Packages
libopencv 3.4.2: ############################################################################################## | 100%
hdf5 1.8.20: ################################################################################################## | 100%
opencv 3.4.2: ################################################################################################# | 100%
py-opencv 3.4.2: ############################################################################################## | 100%
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: failed
ERROR conda.core.link:_execute(481): An error occurred while uninstalling package 'defaults::numpy-1.14.0-py36h4a99626_1'.
PermissionError(13, 'Access is denied')
Attempting to roll back.

Rolling back transaction: done

PermissionError(13, 'Access is denied')

我正在 Anaconda Prompt 中运行命令。有什么解决办法吗？ 我尝试了许多其他安装命令，但上述错误多次出现。 我的 Python 是 3.6，我使用 conda info 命令，你可以看到下面的结果：

     active environment : base
    active env location : C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3
            shell level : 1
       user config file : C:\Users\Mohammad\.condarc
 populated config files : C:\Users\Mohammad\.condarc
          conda version : 4.4.10
    conda-build version : 3.4.1
         python version : 3.6.4.final.0
       base environment : C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3  (read only)
           channel URLs : https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/main/win-64
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/main/noarch
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/free/win-64
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/free/noarch
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/r/win-64
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/r/noarch
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/pro/win-64
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/pro/noarch
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/msys2/win-64
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/msys2/noarch
          package cache : C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\pkgs
                          C:\Users\Mohammad\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs
       envs directories : C:\Users\Mohammad\AppData\Local\conda\conda\envs
                          C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs
                          C:\Users\Mohammad\.conda\envs
               platform : win-64
             user-agent : conda/4.4.10 requests/2.18.4 CPython/3.6.4 Windows/10 Windows/10.0.10586
          administrator : False
             netrc file : None
           offline mode : False

Answer 1

您正在将 conda 包安装到“只读”目录中，因此发生权限错误。

你有两个选择来克服这个问题

1. 授予自己管理员权限。

2. 将本地包安装到你有写权限的不同目录

   conda install -c menpo opencv -p YOUR_DIRECTORY

我自己更喜欢第三种选择

1. 在你有写权限的目录中为自己创建一个新的python虚拟环境并使用它

   创建你的环境

   $ conda create -n YOUR_ENV -p YOUR_DIRECTORY python=2.7

   加载它

   源激活 YOUR_ENV

   安装opencv

   $ conda install opencv

希望有所帮助

Answer 2

尝试按以下顺序使用这些命令进行安装：

conda update anaconda-navigator
conda update navigator-updater
pip install opencv-python