使用 Pyinstaller 发布打包答案

【问题标题】：Issue packaging with Pyinstaller使用 Pyinstaller 发布打包
【发布时间】：2019-06-14 16:06:08
【问题描述】：

致所有专家 - 我们一直在开发一个包含以下模块的应用程序：

opencv
numpy
熊猫
跺脚
nltk
bs4
PIL
请求

以及其他一些不属于 python 标准库的内容。正在寻找将其打包成单个可执行文件。因此尝试使用 pyinstaller 进行锻炼。执行时相同-它会建立分发文件夹-但无法执行。它抛出以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "app.py", line 6, in <module>
File "/root/Projects/BIUEngine/lib/python3.6/site-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyimod03_importers.py", line 627, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "ProcessManager.py", line 7, in <module>
File "/root/Projects/BIUEngine/lib/python3.6/site-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyimod03_importers.py", line 627, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "ProcessWorker.py", line 16, in <module>
File "/root/Projects/BIUEngine/lib/python3.6/site-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyimod03_importers.py", line 627, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages/cv2/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import
[3502] Failed to execute script app

下面是命令运行时的输出

root@devserver:~/Projects/BIUEngine/src# pyinstaller app.py 
113 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.4
114 INFO: Python: 3.6.7
116 INFO: Platform: Linux-4.4.0-131-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-16.04-xenial
116 INFO: wrote /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/app.spec
119 INFO: UPX is not available.
123 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['/root/Projects/BIUEngine/src', '/root/Projects/BIUEngine/src']
123 INFO: checking Analysis
123 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent
124 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
127 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...
179 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
10300 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
10357 INFO: Caching module hooks...
10381 INFO: Analyzing /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/app.py
13258 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   distutils
13297 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir '/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils'
14908 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   setuptools.extern.six.moves
16017 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   site
16044 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir '/root/Projects/BIUEngine/lib/python3.6/site-packages/PyInstaller/fake-modules'
18473 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   six.moves
32950 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   urllib3.packages.six.moves
55571 INFO: Loading module hooks...
55572 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.Image.py"...
56546 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
56688 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.SpiderImagePlugin.py"...
56699 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter'
56704 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'
56704 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"...
56753 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-certifi.py"...
56755 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"...
56792 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pytz.py"...
56989 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-nltk.py"...
57816 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pkg_resources.py"...
58813 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   win32com
58976 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.py"...
58988 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'
58988 INFO: Excluding import 'PySide'
58996 INFO:   Removing import of PySide from module PIL.ImageQt
59000 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt5'
59007 INFO:   Removing import of PyQt5 from module PIL.ImageQt
59010 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt4'
59018 INFO:   Removing import of PyQt4 from module PIL.ImageQt
59025 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter'
59036 INFO:   Removing import of tkinter from module PIL.ImageTk
59038 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
59040 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pandas.py"...
60447 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sqlite3.py"...
60607 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.py"...
60609 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pycparser.py"...
61578 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-lib2to3.py"...
61616 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-cv2.py"...
61617 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.etree.cElementTree.py"...
61619 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-setuptools.py"...
62934 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
62936 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.core.py"...
63088 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
63294 WARNING: library user32 required via ctypes not found
63399 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
63439 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pkgres.py'
63458 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_nltk.py'
63463 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py'
63536 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
65726 INFO: Looking for eggs
65727 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching...
65822 INFO: Using Python library /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0
65882 INFO: Warnings written to /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/build/app/warn-app.txt
66237 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/build/app/xref-app.html
66476 INFO: checking PYZ
66477 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent
66478 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/build/app/PYZ-00.pyz
70637 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/build/app/PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
70722 INFO: checking PKG
70722 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent
70722 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
70837 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.
70839 INFO: Bootloader /root/Projects/BIUEngine/lib/python3.6/site-packages/PyInstaller/bootloader/Linux-64bit/run
70840 INFO: checking EXE
70840 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent
70840 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
70842 INFO: Appending archive to ELF section in EXE /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/build/app/app
70967 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
70981 INFO: checking COLLECT
70982 INFO: Building COLLECT because COLLECT-00.toc is non existent
70983 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc
82471 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc completed successfully.

任何人都可以帮助我解决问题吗？

【问题讨论】：

你想在哪里运行可执行文件？它是您运行 pyinstaller 的同一台计算机吗？或者是不同的机器？
是的 - 试图在我运行 pyinstaller 的同一台机器上运行可执行文件。
这可能不是 pyinstaller 问题，而是 numpy 问题。见stackoverflow.com/questions/20518632/…。

标签： python python-3.6 pyinstaller

【解决方案1】：

感谢所有在周围提供帮助的人。我也曾在其他地方发帖——在上帝的恩典下——有人确实想出了一个解决方案来寻找答案。它对我有用。他的建议是 - 我可能为机器中的各种版本安装了 2 个或更多不同的 numpy。一个用于 2.7，另一个用于 3.6，依此类推。他建议我删除它们中的任何一个并检查是否成功。这确实有点道理——所以我继续清理了 2.7 / 3.6 中的所有 numpy 以及根据需要为项目手动安装的其他包。发布 - 我刚刚创建了一个虚拟机并重新安装了所需的包（以及 numpy）。

另外 - 确保 pyinstaller - 在构建时确实将 numpy.core.multiarray 作为隐藏导入。（第二步 - 我过去已经尝试过）。

要说什么 - 事情对我有好处。它不再给我它曾经为此屈服的错误。现在正在解决其他问题 - 但这种方法/机制肯定对我有用。

感谢大家再次帮助我。爱你们。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import 错误因导致与 numpy 尝试导入特定于平台的共享库相关的崩溃而臭名昭著。几乎总是由于尝试导入错误的版本或根本没有找到这些库。

可能您打包的可执行文件正在尝试从包外导入一些框架并遇到某种版本不匹配。您很可能还在使用某种虚拟环境，例如 conda 或 virtualenv？

如果无法访问机器，很难查明问题所在。我会尝试以下方法来收集有关该问题的更多信息：

尝试在另一台没有安装 python 或至少没有安装 numpy 的机器上运行您的可执行文件，看看会发生什么。
尝试在仅安装了一个 numpy 版本的机器上重新打包您的应用程序。
通过在环境中运行 python -c 'import numpy; print(numpy.__version__); print(numpy.__file__)' 仔细调查实际导入 numpy 的哪个版本以及从哪个版本导入，您将在其中以及在可执行文件本身中创建可执行文件。

最后一步可以通过put来实现

import numpy
import numpy
print(numpy.__version__)
print(numpy.__file__)

在您的 app.py 中作为第一行（即在输出崩溃之前查看输出）

【讨论】：